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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

In this work, we adopted pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with a Nd:YAG laser to develop Bi1−xGdxFeO3 (BGFO) films on glass substrates. The phase composition, microstructure, ferroelectric, magnetic, and nanomechanical properties of BGFO films are studied. BGFO films with x = 0.00–0.15 were confirmed to mainly consist of the perovskite phase. The structure is transformed from rhombohedral for x = 0.00 to pseudo-cubic for x = 0.05–0.10, and an additional phase, orthorhombic, is coexisted for x = 0.15. With increasing Gd content, the microstructure and surface morphology analysis shows a gradual decrease in crystallite size and surface roughness. The hardness of 5.9–8.3 GPa, measured by nanoindentor, is mainly dominated by crystallized structure and grain size. Good ferroelectric properties are found for BGFO films with x = 0.00–0.15, where the largest remanent polarization (2Pr) of 133.5 µC/cm2 is achieved for x = 0.10, related to low leakage and high BGFO(110) texture. The improved magnetic properties with the significant enhancement of saturation magnetization from 4.9 emu/cm3 for x = 0 to 23.9 emu/cm3 for x = 0.15 by Gd substitution is found and related to large magnetic moment of Gd3+ and suppressed spiral spin structure of G-type antiferromagnetism. Furthermore, we also discuss the mechanisms of leakage behavior as well as nanomechanical characterizations as a function of the Gd content.

Details

Title
Multiferroic and Nanomechanical Properties of Bi1−xGdxFeO3 Polycrystalline Films (x = 0.00–0.15)
Author
Ting-Kai, Lin 1 ; Huang-Wei, Chang 2 ; Wan-Chi, Chou 3 ; Chang-Ren, Wang 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Da-Hua, Wei 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Chi-Shun Tu 4 ; Pin-Yi, Chen 5 

 Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; [email protected] 
 Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan 
 Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; [email protected] 
 Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 24205, Taiwan; [email protected]; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; [email protected] 
 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; [email protected] 
First page
900
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20796412
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2565074178
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.