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Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing studies could provide novel insights into the molecular pathology of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. In 15 patient plasma samples collected at the time of diagnosis as part of the Ghana Breast Health Study and unselected for tumor grade and subtype, ctDNA was detected in a majority of patients based on whole- genome sequencing at high (30×) and low (0.1×) depths. Breast cancer driver copy number alterations were observed in the majority of patients.
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1 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.9829.a) (ISNI:0000000109466120); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, Department of Oncological Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351)
2 Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, USA (GRID:grid.34477.33) (ISNI:0000000122986657); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA (GRID:grid.270240.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 1622)
3 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA (GRID:grid.48336.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8075)
4 Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.415489.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 3805)
5 Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.415450.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0466 0719)
6 Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada (GRID:grid.63984.30) (ISNI:0000 0000 9064 4811)
7 Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.415489.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 3805); University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.8652.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1485)
8 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351); Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351)
9 University of Calgary, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary, Canada (GRID:grid.22072.35) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7697)
10 Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA (GRID:grid.261331.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 7943); Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA (GRID:grid.261331.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 7943)
11 University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.8652.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1485)
12 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.419890.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 0626 690X); Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.419890.d); University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
13 Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.415450.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0466 0719); School of Medicine & Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.9829.a) (ISNI:0000000109466120)
14 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Child Health, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.9829.a) (ISNI:0000000109466120)
15 Columbia University Medical Center, New York, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, USA (GRID:grid.239585.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 2675)
16 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, Department of Oncological Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351); Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, Department of Dermatology, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351)
17 Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK (GRID:grid.59734.3c)
18 Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada (GRID:grid.63984.30) (ISNI:0000 0000 9064 4811); Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada (GRID:grid.414980.0) (ISNI:0000 0000 9401 2774); Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (GRID:grid.14709.3b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8649)
19 School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA (GRID:grid.43582.38) (ISNI:0000 0000 9852 649X)
20 Peace and Love Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.43582.38)
21 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.9829.a) (ISNI:0000000109466120); Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.487281.0)
22 Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA (GRID:grid.270240.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 1622)
23 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA (GRID:grid.48336.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8075); CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (GRID:grid.4305.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7988)
24 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, Department of Oncological Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351); Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351)
25 Ghana Statistical Service, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.59734.3c)
26 Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (GRID:grid.415489.5)
27 New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA (GRID:grid.413734.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 8499 1112)
28 National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA (GRID:grid.48336.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8075)
29 Westat, Inc, Rockville, USA (GRID:grid.280561.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9270 6633)