Study of the flow field past dimpled aerodynamic surfaces: numerical simulation and experimental verification

Abstract

This work presents the study of the flow field past of dimpled laminar airfoil. Fluid dynamic behaviour of these elements has been not still deeply studied in the scientific community. Therefore Computational Fluid-Dynamics (CFD) is here used to analyze the flow field induced by dimples on the NACA 64-014A laminar airfoil at Re = 1.75 · 10⁵ at α = 0°. Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) were compared with wind tunnel measurements in order to evaluate their effectiveness in the modeling this kind of flow field. LES equations were solved using a specifically developed OpenFOAM solver adopting an L–stable Singly Diagonally Implicit Runge–Kutta (SDIRK) technique with an iterated PISO-like procedure for handling pressure-velocity coupling within each RK stage. Dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid model was employed. LES results provided good agreement with experimental data, while RANS equations closed with \(\[k-\omega -\gamma -\overset{}{\mathop{{{\operatorname{Re}}_{\theta, \text{t}}}}}\,\]\) approach overstimates laminar separation bubble (LSB) extension of dimpled and un–dimpled configurations. Moreover, through skin friction coefficient analysis, we found a different representation of the turbulent zone between the numerical models; indeed, with RANS model LSB seems to be divided in two different parts, meanwhile LES model shows a LSB global reduction.