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Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.
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1 Federal University of Paraíba, Department of Nutrition, João Pessoa, Brazil (GRID:grid.411216.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 5145)
2 University of Lisbon, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal (GRID:grid.9983.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2181 4263)
3 Federal University of Campina Grande, Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Cuité, Brazil (GRID:grid.411182.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0169 5930)
4 Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Natal, Brazil (GRID:grid.411233.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9687 399X)
5 Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Santa Cruz, Brazil (GRID:grid.411233.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9687 399X)
6 Federal University of Paraíba, Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Centre, João Pessoa, Brazil (GRID:grid.411216.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 5145)
7 Federal University of Paraíba, Department of Physiology and Pathology, João PessoaParaíba, Brazil (GRID:grid.411216.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 5145)
8 Federal University of Paraíba, Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Areia, Brazil (GRID:grid.411216.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 5145)