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Abstract
Neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay is a hypothesized process where in some even-even nuclei it might be possible for two neutrons to simultaneously decay into two protons and two electrons without emitting neutrinos. This is possible only if neutrinos are Majorana particles, i.e. fermions that are their own antiparticles. Neutrinos being Majorana particles would explicitly violate lepton number conservation, and might play a role in the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay would also provide complementary information related to neutrino masses. The Majorana Collaboration is constructing the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, with a total of 40-kg Germanium detectors, to search for the 0νββ decay of 76Ge and to demonstrate a background rate at or below 3 counts/(ROI·t·y) in the 4 keV region of interest (ROI) around the 2039 keV Q-value for 76Ge 0νββ decay. In this paper, we discuss the physics of neutrinoless double beta decay and then focus on the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, including its design and approach to achieve ultra-low backgrounds and the status of the experiment.
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Details
1 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
2 Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
4 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
5 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
6 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
7 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
8 Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
9 Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
10 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
11 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
12 Research Center for Nuclear Physics and Department of Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
13 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
14 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
15 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
16 Department of Physics, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
17 Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA
18 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
19 Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Alternate Address: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
20 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA