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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare disease, but the most common primary intraocular cancer, mostly localized in the choroid. Currently, the first-line treatment options for UM are radiation therapy, resection, and enucleation. However, although these treatments could potentially be curative, half of all patients will develop metastatic disease, whose prognosis is still poor. Indeed, effective therapeutic options for patients with advanced or metastatic disease are still lacking. Recently, the development of new treatment modalities with a lower incidence of adverse events, a better disease control rate, and new therapeutic approaches, have merged as new potential and promising therapeutic strategies. Additionally, several clinical trials are ongoing to find new therapeutic options, mainly for those with metastatic disease. Many interventions are still in the preliminary phases of clinical development, being investigated in phase I trial or phase I/II. The success of these trials could be crucial for changing the prognosis of patients with advanced/metastatic UM. In this systematic review, we analyzed all emerging and available literature on the new perspectives in the treatment of UM and patient outcomes; furthermore, their current limitations and more common adverse events are summarized.

Details

Title
New Therapeutic Perspectives in the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma: A Systematic Review
Author
Mario Damiano Toro 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Gozzo, Lucia 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tracia, Luciano 3 ; Cicciù, Marco 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Drago, Filippo 5 ; Bucolo, Claudio 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Avitabile, Teresio 7 ; Rejdak, Robert 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Nowomiejska, Katarzyna 8 ; Zweifel, Sandrine 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yousef, Yacoub A 10 ; Nazzal, Rashed 11 ; Romano, Giovanni Luca 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] (M.D.T.); [email protected] (S.Z.); Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (K.N.) 
 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (G.L.R.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, University Hospital of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy 
 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, American Hospital Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] 
 Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, AOU ‘G. Martino’, 98124 Messina, Italy; [email protected] 
 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (G.L.R.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, University Hospital of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; Centre for Research and Consultancy in HTA and Drug Regulatory Affairs (CERD), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy 
 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (G.L.R.); Center of Research in Ocular Pharmacology—CERFO, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy 
 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] 
 Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (K.N.) 
 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] (M.D.T.); [email protected] (S.Z.) 
10  Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; [email protected] 
11  Shami Eye Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; [email protected] 
First page
1311
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22279059
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2584331989
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.