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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines is a major pathogen of soybean in Korea. Here, we analyzed pathogenicity genes based on a comparative genome analysis of five Korean strains and one strain from the United States, 8ra. Whereas all six strains had nearly identical profiles of carbohydrate-active enzymes, they varied in diversity and number of candidate type III secretion system effector (T3SE) genes. The five Korean strains were similar in their effectors, but differed from the 8ra strain. Across the six strains, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) showed diverse repeat sizes and at least six forms of the repeat variable di-residue (RVD) sequences, with differences not correlated with the origin of the strains. However, a phylogenetic tree based on the alignment of RVD sequences showed two distinct clusters with 17.5 repeats, suggesting that two distinct 17.5 RVD clusters have evolved, potentially to adapt Xcg to growth on distinct soybean cultivars. The predicted effector binding elements of the TALEs fell into six groups and were strongly overlapping in sequence, suggesting evolving target specificity of the binding domains in soybean cultivars. Our findings reveal the variability and adaptability of T3SEs in the Xcg strains and enhance our understanding of Xcg pathogenicity in soybean.

Details

Title
Pan-Genome Analysis of Effectors in Korean Strains of the Soybean Pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines
Author
Kang, In-Jeong 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kim, Kyung Seok 2 ; Beattie, Gwyn A 3 ; Jung-Wook, Yang 4 ; Sohn, Kee Hoon 5 ; Heu, Sunggi 6 ; Hwang, Ingyu 7 

 Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 16613, Korea; [email protected]; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 
 Department of Natural Resources Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IO 50010, USA; [email protected] 
 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; [email protected] 
 Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 16613, Korea; [email protected] 
 Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; [email protected]; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea 
 Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 
 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 
First page
2065
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20762607
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2584462980
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.