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Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a key factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Due to its chronic, life-threatening nature, ED only can be studied experimentally in animal models. Therefore, this work was aimed to characterize a murine model of ED induced by a daily intraperitoneal administration of angiotensin II (AGII) for 10 weeks. Oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular remodeling, hypertension, and damage to various target organs were evaluated in treated animals. The results indicated that a chronic intraperitoneal administration of AGII increases the production of systemic soluble VCAM, ROS and ICAM-1 expression, and the production of TNFα, IL1β, IL17A, IL4, TGFβ, and IL10 in the kidney, as well as blood pressure levels; it also promotes vascular remodeling and induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glomerulosclerosis, and proliferative retinopathy. Therefore, the model herein proposed can be a representative model for ED; additionally, it is easy to implement, safe, rapid, and inexpensive.
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1 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Facultad de Medicina, Cuernavaca, Mexico (GRID:grid.412873.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0484 1712); Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.7220.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 0393)
2 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Xochitepec, Mexico (GRID:grid.419157.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 1091 9430)
3 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Facultad de Medicina, Cuernavaca, Mexico (GRID:grid.412873.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0484 1712)
4 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Facultad de Medicina, Cuernavaca, Mexico (GRID:grid.412873.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0484 1712); Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.7220.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 0393)
5 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Cuernavaca, Mexico (GRID:grid.412873.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0484 1712)
6 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Facultad de Medicina, Cuernavaca, Mexico (GRID:grid.412873.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0484 1712); Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.412242.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0693)
7 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.9486.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2159 0001)
8 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.9486.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2159 0001)
9 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.9486.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2159 0001)