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En el presente artículo se indaga sobre la perspectiva desarrollada por Manuel Manquilef, a principios del siglo XX, respecto de los juegos, bailes y ejercicios domésticos y guerreros que practicaban los mapuches. Este profesor normalista de ascendencia mapuche valorizó el rescate de dichas prácticas físicas, en cuanto fundamentos del alma de un pueblo que era necesario preservar. El marco teórico se establece desde las nociones de verdad, sujeto, gubernamentalidad y biopolítica, definidas por Michel Foucault, articulado con una aproximación desde el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Consecuentemente, la metodología articula un diseño descriptivo denso con estructuras reticulares de carácter egocentrado, generadas con herramientas provenientes del ARS. A partir de este entramado teórico-metodológico, se levanta un análisis frontal que intenta tensionar la relación entre discurso y sujeto. Específicamente, los márgenes disponibles de libertad en la intrincada trama de saber-poder desplegada en la sociedad chilena a principios del siglo XX. Trama en la que se insertó Manquilef oriundo del territorio del Wallmapu (Araucanía), por entonces, recientemente anexado al Estado chileno. Se concluye que las ideas de Manquilef, al margen de sus intenciones, resultaron funcionales a la acción asimiladora impulsada por la gubernamentalidad chilena en la Araucanía poco después de concretada su ocupación.
O presente trabalho explora a perspectiva apresentada por Manuel Manquilef, no início do século XX, sobre os jogos, danças e exercícios domésticos e guerreiros praticados pelos Mapuches. Essa professora normalista de descendência mapuche valorizava o resgate de tais práticas físicas, como fundamentos da alma de um povo que era necessário preservar. Contudo, a tese sustentada neste artigo considera que suas idéias também compõem uma visão a serviço da ação de assimilação promovida pelo Estado chileno, pós ocupação de La Araucanía ou Wallmapu. O referencial teórico é estabelecido a partir das noções de governamentalidade e biopolítica, definidas por Michel Foucault, complementadas com uma abordagem da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS). Consequentemente, a metodologia articula um design denso e descritivo com estruturas reticulares de caráter egocêntrico, geradas com ferramentas da ARS. A partir desse referencial teórico-metodológico, cria-se uma análise fontal que procura ressaltar a relação entre discurso e sujeito. Especificamente, as margens de liberdade disponíveis na intricada teia do poder do conhecimento exibida em um tecido social, neste caso, a sociedade chilena no início do século XX.
This article examines the perspective developed by Manquilef at the beginning of the 20th century regarding the games, dances and domestic and martial exercises practised by the Mapuches. This school teacher, of Mapuche origin, valued the rescuing of these physical practices that represented an essential part of the soul of a people as something that was necessary to preserve. The theoretical framework is established embracing the notions of truth, subject, governance and biopolitics defined by Foucault, articulated with an approach stemming from the Analysis of Social Networks (ASN). Consequently, the methodology encompasses a dense descriptive design with ego-centred reticular structures, based on tools provided by the ASN. On the basis of this theoretical-methodological network, there emerges a frontal analysis aimed at straining the relationship between discourse and subject, and more specifically the available margins of freedom in the intricate fabric of knowledge-power displayed. Into this weave, Manquilef, native to the Wallmapu territory at that time and which was subsequently annexed to the Chilean state, became immersed. The conclusion reached is that Manquilef’s ideas, whatever his intentions may have been, proved to be functional to the process of assimilation spurred by the Chilean governance in Araucanía shortly after its effective occupation.
Title
Biopolítica y gubernamentalidad en el Wallmapu (Araucanía) desde el nivel del sujeto. Manuel Manquilef y la “Jimnasia Nacional” en los albores del siglo XX
Author
Mieres-Chacaltana, Manuel

; Daniel Llancavil-Llancavil

; Mansilla-Sepúlveda, Juan
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
Spanish
ProQuest document ID
2592635719
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