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© 2021 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Objectives

There are numerous reports on the psychological burden of medical workers after the COVID-19 outbreak; however, no study has examined the influence of developmental characteristics on the mental health of medical workers. The objective of this study was to examine whether the developmental characteristics of medical workers are associated with anxiety and depression after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Design

We conducted an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey in October 2020.

Participants and setting

The data of 640 medical workers were analysed. The questionnaire included items on sociodemographic data, changes in their life after the COVID-19 outbreak and symptoms of depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits and autism spectrum disorder traits.

Main outcomes

Depression symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to test the effects of developmental characteristics on depression and anxiety symptoms after controlling for sociodemographic factors and changes in participants’ lives after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Results

Increases in physical and psychological burden were observed in 49.1% and 78.3% of the subjects, respectively. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that ADHD traits were significantly associated with both depression (β=0.390, p<0.001) and anxiety (β=0.426, p<0.001). Autistic traits were significantly associated with depression (β=0.069, p<0.05) but not anxiety. Increased physical and psychological burden, being female, medical workers other than physicians and nurses, fear of COVID-19 and experience of discrimination were also significantly associated with both depression and anxiety.

Conclusion

Globally, the burden on medical workers increased. This study suggested that medical workers with higher ADHD traits may need special attention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Details

Title
Psychological burden of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits on medical workers under the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey
Author
Matsui, Kentaro 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yoshiike, Takuya 2 ; Tsuru, Ayumi 3 ; Otsuki, Rei 4 ; Nagao, Kentaro 5 ; Ayabe, Naoko 6 ; Hazumi, Megumi 2 ; Utsumi, Tomohiro 7 ; Yamamoto, Kentaro 8 ; Fukumizu, Michio 9 ; Kuriyama, Kenichi 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Clinical Laboratory and Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 
 Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan 
 Department of Clinical Laboratory and Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan 
 Department of Clinical Laboratory and Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan 
 Department of Psychiatry and Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan 
 Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Regional Studies and Humanities, Akita University Graduate School of Education Faculty of Education and Human Studies, Akita, Japan 
 Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 
 Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan 
 Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Segawa Memorial Neurological Clinic for Children, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 
First page
e053737
Section
Public health
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
e-ISSN
20446055
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2593626093
Copyright
© 2021 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.