Abstract

The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of 10-16g/g of 238U and 232Th requires a large (20m3) detection volume and ultralow background levels. The present paper reports on the design and major components of the OSIRIS detector, the detector simulation as well as the measuring strategies foreseen and the sensitivity levels to U/Th that can be reached in this setup.

Details

Title
The design and sensitivity of JUNO’s scintillator radiopurity pre-detector OSIRIS
Author
Abusleme Angel 1 ; Thomas, Adam 2 ; Ahmad, Shakeel 3 ; Ahmed, Rizwan 3 ; Aiello Sebastiano 4 ; Akram Muhammad 3 ; An Fengpeng 5 ; An Guangpeng 6 ; An, Qi 7 ; Andronico Giuseppe 4 ; Anfimov Nikolay 8 ; Antonelli, Vito 9 ; Antoshkina Tatiana 8 ; Burin, Asavapibhop 10 ; de André João Pedro Athayde Marcondes 2 ; Auguste Didier 11 ; Babic Andrej 12 ; Baldini Wander 13 ; Barresi, Andrea 14 ; Basilico Davide 9 ; Baussan Eric 2 ; Bellato Marco 15 ; Bergnoli Antonio 15 ; Birkenfeld Thilo 16 ; Blin Sylvie 11 ; Blum, David 17 ; Blyth, Simon 18 ; Bolshakova Anastasia 8 ; Bongrand Mathieu 19 ; Bordereau Clément 20 ; Breton, Dominique 11 ; Brigatti Augusto 9 ; Brugnera Riccardo 21 ; Bruno, Riccardo 4 ; Budano Antonio 22 ; Buscemi, Mario 4 ; Busto, Jose 23 ; Butorov Ilya 8 ; Cabrera Anatael 11 ; Cai Hao 24 ; Cai, Xiao 6 ; Cai Yanke 6 ; Cai Zhiyan 6 ; Cammi, Antonio 25 ; Campeny Agustin 1 ; Cao Chuanya 6 ; Cao Guofu 6 ; Cao, Jun 6 ; Caruso, Rossella 4 ; Cerna Cédric 26 ; Chang Jinfan 6 ; Chang, Yun 27 ; Chen, Pingping 28 ; Po-An, Chen 18 ; Chen, Shaomin 29 ; Chen Xurong 30 ; Yi-Wen, Chen 31 ; Chen Yixue 32 ; Chen, Yu 33 ; Zhang, Chen 6 ; Cheng, Jie 6 ; Cheng, Yaping 34 ; Chetverikov Alexey 8 ; Chiesa Davide 14 ; Chimenti Pietro 35 ; Chukanov Artem 8 ; Claverie Gérard 26 ; Clementi Catia 36 ; Clerbaux, Barbara 37 ; Lorenzo Selma Conforti Di 11 ; Corti Daniele 15 ; Costa, Salvatore 4 ; Corso, Flavio Dal 15 ; Dalager Olivia 38 ; De La Taille Christophe 11 ; Deng Jiawei 24 ; Deng Zhi 29 ; Deng Ziyan 6 ; Depnering Wilfried 39 ; Diaz, Marco 1 ; Ding Xuefeng 9 ; Ding Yayun 6 ; Dirgantara Bayu 40 ; Dmitrievsky Sergey 8 ; Dohnal Tadeas 41 ; Dolzhikov Dmitry 8 ; Donchenko Georgy 42 ; Dong Jianmeng 29 ; Doroshkevich Evgeny 43 ; Dracos Marcos 2 ; Druillole Frédéric 26 ; Du Shuxian 44 ; Dusini Stefano 15 ; Dvorak, Martin 41 ; Enqvist Timo 45 ; Enzmann Heike 39 ; Fabbri, Andrea 22 ; Fajt Lukas 12 ; Fan Donghua 46 ; Fan, Lei 6 ; Fang, Can 47 ; Fang, Jian 6 ; Fang Wenxing 6 ; Fargetta Marco 4 ; Fedoseev Dmitry 8 ; Fekete Vladko 12 ; Li-Cheng, Feng 31 ; Feng Qichun 48 ; Ford, Richard 9 ; Formozov Andrey 9 ; Fournier Amélie 26 ; Gan Haonan 49 ; Gao, Feng 16 ; Garfagnini Alberto 21 ; Genster Christoph 50 ; Giammarchi Marco 9 ; Giaz Agnese 21 ; Giudice Nunzio 4 ; Gonchar Maxim 8 ; Gong Guanghua 29 ; Gong, Hui 29 ; Gornushkin Yuri 8 ; Göttel Alexandre 51 ; Grassi, Marco 21 ; Grewing, Christian 52 ; Gromov Vasily 8 ; Gu Minghao 6 ; Gu Xiaofei 44 ; Gu, Yu 53 ; Guan Mengyun 6 ; Guardone Nunzio 4 ; Gul, Maria 3 ; Guo Cong 6 ; Guo Jingyuan 33 ; Guo Wanlei 6 ; Guo Xinheng 54 ; Guo Yuhang 55 ; Hackspacher, Paul 39 ; Hagner Caren 56 ; Han, Ran 34 ; Yang, Han 11 ; Hassan, Muhammad Sohaib 3 ; He, Miao 6 ; He, Wei 6 ; Heinz, Tobias 17 ; Hellmuth, Patrick 26 ; Heng Yuekun 6 ; Herrera, Rafael 1 ; Hong Daojin 47 ; Hor YuenKeung 33 ; Hou Shaojing 6 ; Hsiung Yee 18 ; Bei-Zhen, Hu 18 ; Hu, Hang 33 ; Hu Jianrun 6 ; Hu, Jun 6 ; Hu Shouyang 57 ; Hu, Tao 6 ; Hu Zhuojun 33 ; Huang Chunhao 33 ; Huang Guihong 6 ; Huang Hanxiong 57 ; Huang, Wenhao 58 ; Huang, Xin 6 ; Huang Xingtao 58 ; Huang, Yongbo 47 ; Hui Jiaqi 59 ; Huo Lei 48 ; Huo Wenju 7 ; Huss Cédric 26 ; Hussain Safeer 3 ; Ioannisian Ara 60 ; Isocrate Roberto 15 ; Jelmini Beatrice 21 ; Kuo-Lun, Jen 31 ; Jeria Ignacio 1 ; Ji Xiaolu 6 ; Ji Xingzhao 33 ; Jia Huihui 61 ; Jia Junji 24 ; Siyu, Jian 57 ; Jiang, Di 7 ; Jiang Xiaoshan 6 ; Jin Ruyi 6 ; Jing Xiaoping 6 ; Jollet Cécile 26 ; Joutsenvaara Jari 45 ; Sirichok, Jungthawan 40 ; Kalousis Leonidas 2 ; Kampmann Philipp 50 ; Kang, Li 28 ; Karagounis, Michael 52 ; Kazarian Narine 60 ; Khan, Waseem 62 ; Khanchai, Khosonthongkee 40 ; Korablev Denis 8 ; Kouzakov Konstantin 42 ; Krasnoperov Alexey 8 ; Kruth, Andre 52 ; Kutovskiy Nikolay 8 ; Kuusiniemi Pasi 45 ; Lachenmaier Tobias 17 ; Landini, Cecilia 9 ; Leblanc, Sébastien 26 ; Lebrin Victor 19 ; Lefevre, Frederic 19 ; Ruiting, Lei 28 ; Leitner, Rupert 41 ; Leung, Jason 31 ; Li, Demin 44 ; Li, Fei 6 ; Li Fule 29 ; Li, Haitao 33 ; Li, Huiling 6 ; Li, Jiaqi 33 ; Li Mengzhao 6 ; Li, Min 32 ; Li, Nan 6 ; Li, Qingjiang 63 ; Li Ruhui 6 ; Li, Shanfeng 28 ; Li, Tao 33 ; Li, Weidong 64 ; Li, Weiguo 6 ; Li, Xiaomei 57 ; Li, Xiaonan 6 ; Li, Xinglong 57 ; Li, Yi 28 ; Li, Yufeng 6 ; Li Zhaohan 6 ; Li, Zhibing 33 ; Li, Ziyuan 33 ; Liang, Hao 57 ; Liang Jingjing 47 ; Liao Jiajun 33 ; Liebau, Daniel 52 ; Ayut, Limphirat 40 ; Limpijumnong Sukit 40 ; Guey-Lin, Lin 31 ; Lin Shengxin 28 ; Lin, Tao 6 ; Ling Jiajie 33 ; Lippi Ivano 15 ; Liu, Fang 32 ; Liu, Haidong 44 ; Liu Hongbang 47 ; Liu, Hongjuan 65 ; Liu, Hongtao 33 ; Liu, Hui 53 ; Liu Jianglai 66 ; Liu, Jinchang 6 ; Liu, Min 65 ; Liu, Qian 67 ; Liu, Qin 7 ; Liu Runxuan 51 ; Liu Shuangyu 6 ; Liu, Shubin 7 ; Liu, Shulin 6 ; Liu, Xiaowei 33 ; Liu, Xiwen 47 ; Liu, Yan 6 ; Liu Yunzhe 6 ; Lokhov Alexey 68 ; Lombardi, Paolo 9 ; Lombardo, Claudio 4 ; Loo Kai 39 ; Lu, Chuan 49 ; Lu Haoqi 6 ; Lu Jingbin 69 ; Lu Junguang 6 ; Lu Shuxiang 44 ; Lu Xiaoxu 6 ; Bayarto, Lubsandorzhiev 43 ; Sultim, Lubsandorzhiev 43 ; Ludhova Livia 51 ; Luo Fengjiao 6 ; Luo Guang 33 ; Luo Pengwei 33 ; Luo Shu 70 ; Luo Wuming 6 ; Lyashuk Vladimir 43 ; Ma Bangzheng 58 ; Ma Qiumei 6 ; Ma, Si 6 ; Ma, Xiaoyan 6 ; Ma Xubo 32 ; Maalmi Jihane 11 ; Malyshkin Yury 8 ; Mantovani Fabio 13 ; Manzali Francesco 21 ; Mao Xin 34 ; Mao Yajun 71 ; Mari, Stefano M 22 ; Marini Filippo 21 ; Marium Sadia 3 ; Martellini Cristina 22 ; Martin-Chassard Gisele 11 ; Martini Agnese 72 ; Mayilyan Davit 60 ; Ints, Mednieks 73 ; Meng Yue 59 ; Meregaglia Anselmo 26 ; Meroni Emanuela 9 ; Meyhöfer, David 56 ; Mezzetto Mauro 15 ; Miller, Jonathan 74 ; Miramonti Lino 9 ; Montini, Paolo 22 ; Montuschi Michele 13 ; Müller Axel 17 ; Muralidharan Pavithra 52 ; Nastasi Massimiliano 14 ; Naumov, Dmitry V 8 ; Naumova, Elena 8 ; Navas-Nicolas, Diana 11 ; Nemchenok Igor 8 ; MinhThuan, NguyenThi 31 ; Feipeng, Ning 6 ; Ning Zhe 6 ; Nunokawa Hiroshi 75 ; Oberauer Lothar 76 ; Ochoa-Ricoux Juan Pedro 77 ; Olshevskiy Alexander 8 ; Orestano Domizia 22 ; Ortica Fausto 36 ; Othegraven Rainer 39 ; Hsiao-Ru, Pan 18 ; Paoloni Alessandro 72 ; Parkalian Nina 52 ; Parmeggiano Sergio 9 ; Yatian, Pei 6 ; Pelliccia Nicomede 36 ; Peng Anguo 65 ; Peng Haiping 7 ; Perrot Frédéric 26 ; Pierre-Alexandre, Petitjean 37 ; Petrucci Fabrizio 22 ; Pilarczyk, Oliver 39 ; Rico Luis Felipe Piñeres 2 ; Popov Artyom 42 ; Poussot Pascal 2 ; Wathan, Pratumwan 40 ; Previtali Ezio 14 ; Fazhi, Qi 6 ; Qi Ming 78 ; Sen, Qian 6 ; Qian Xiaohui 6 ; Qian Zhen 33 ; Qiao Hao 71 ; Qin Zhonghua 6 ; Qiu Shoukang 65 ; Rajput, Muhammad Usman 3 ; Ranucci Gioacchino 9 ; Raper Neill 33 ; Re, Alessandra 9 ; Rebber Henning 56 ; Rebii Abdel 26 ; Ren, Bin 28 ; Ren, Jie 57 ; Ricci, Barbara 13 ; Robens, Markus 52 ; Roche, Mathieu 26 ; Rodphai Narongkiat 10 ; Romani Aldo 36 ; Roskovec Bedřich 38 ; Roth, Christian 52 ; Ruan Xiangdong 47 ; Ruan Xichao 57 ; Rujirawat Saroj 40 ; Rybnikov Arseniy 8 ; Sadovsky Andrey 8 ; Saggese Paolo 9 ; Sanfilippo, Simone 22 ; Anut, Sangka 79 ; Nuanwan, Sanguansak 40 ; Utane, Sawangwit 79 ; Sawatzki Julia 76 ; Sawy Fatma 21 ; Schever Michaela 51 ; Schwab Cédric 2 ; Schweizer Konstantin 76 ; Selyunin Alexandr 8 ; Serafini, Andrea 13 ; Settanta Giulio 50 ; Settimo Mariangela 19 ; Zhuang, Shao 62 ; Sharov Vladislav 8 ; Shaydurova Arina 8 ; Shi Jingyan 6 ; Shi, Yanan 6 ; Shutov Vitaly 8 ; Sidorenkov Andrey 43 ; Šimkovic Fedor 12 ; Sirignano Chiara 21 ; Jaruchit, Siripak 40 ; Sisti, Monica 14 ; Slupecki Maciej 45 ; Smirnov, Mikhail 33 ; Smirnov Oleg 8 ; Sogo-Bezerra Thiago 19 ; Sokolov Sergey 8 ; Julanan, Songwadhana 40 ; Boonrucksar, Soonthornthum 79 ; Sotnikov Albert 8 ; Šrámek Ondřej 41 ; Sreethawong Warintorn 40 ; Stahl Achim 16 ; Stanco Luca 15 ; Stankevich Konstantin 42 ; Štefánik Dušan 12 ; Steiger, Hans 80 ; Steinmann Jochen 16 ; Sterr Tobias 17 ; Stock, Matthias Raphael 76 ; Strati, Virginia 13 ; Studenikin Alexander 42 ; Sun Gongxing 6 ; Sun, Shifeng 32 ; Sun Xilei 6 ; Sun Yongjie 7 ; Sun Yongzhao 6 ; Suwonjandee Narumon 10 ; Szelezniak Michal 2 ; Tang, Jian 33 ; Tang, Qiang 33 ; Tang, Quan 65 ; Tang, Xiao 6 ; Tietzsch Alexander 17 ; Tkachev Igor 43 ; Tmej Tomas 41 ; Treskov Konstantin 8 ; Triossi Andrea 2 ; Troni Giancarlo 1 ; Trzaska Wladyslaw 45 ; Tuve Cristina 4 ; Ushakov Nikita 43 ; van den Boom Johannes 52 ; Stefan, van Waasen 52 ; Vanroyen Guillaume 19 ; Vassilopoulos Nikolaos 6 ; Vedin Vadim 73 ; Verde Giuseppe 4 ; Vialkov Maxim 42 ; Viaud Benoit 19 ; Vollbrecht Cornelius 51 ; Volpe, Cristina 11 ; Vorobel Vit 41 ; Voronin Dmitriy 43 ; Votano Lucia 72 ; Walker, Pablo 1 ; Wang Caishen 28 ; Chung-Hsiang, Wang 27 ; Wang, En 44 ; Wang, Guoli 48 ; Wang, Jian 7 ; Wang, Jun 33 ; Wang Kunyu 6 ; Wang, Lu 6 ; Wang, Meifen 6 ; Wang, Meng 65 ; Wang Ruiguang 6 ; Wang Siguang 71 ; Wang, Wei 78 ; Wang Wenshuai 6 ; Wang, Xi 63 ; Wang, Xiangyue 33 ; Wang Yangfu 6 ; Wang Yaoguang 6 ; Wang, Yi 29 ; Wang, Yifang 6 ; Wang, Yuanqing 29 ; Wang, Yuman 78 ; Wang, Zhe 29 ; Wang, Zheng 6 ; Wang, Zhimin 6 ; Wang, Zongyi 29 ; Muhammad, Waqas 3 ; Apimook, Watcharangkool 79 ; Wei Lianghong 6 ; Wei, Wei 6 ; Wei Wenlu 6 ; Wei, Yadong 28 ; Wen Liangjian 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wiebusch, Christopher 16 ; Wong, Steven Chan-Fai 33 ; Wonsak Bjoern 56 ; Wu Diru 6 ; Wu, Fangliang 78 ; Wu, Qun 58 ; Wu, Zhi 6 ; Wurm, Michael 39 ; Wurtz, Jacques 2 ; Wysotzki, Christian 16 ; Xi Yufei 49 ; Xia Dongmei 81 ; Xie Yuguang 6 ; Xie Zhangquan 6 ; Xing Zhizhong 6 ; Benda, Xu 29 ; Xu, Cheng 65 ; Xu Donglian 66 ; Xu Fanrong 53 ; Xu Hangkun 6 ; Xu Jilei 6 ; Xu, Jing 54 ; Xu Meihang 6 ; Xu, Yin 61 ; Xu, Yu 51 ; Yan Baojun 6 ; Taylor, Yan 40 ; Yan Wenqi 6 ; Xiongbo, Yan 6 ; Yan Yupeng 40 ; Yang Anbo 6 ; Yang Changgen 6 ; Yang, Huan 6 ; Yang, Jie 44 ; Yang, Lei 28 ; Yang, Xiaoyu 6 ; Yang, Yifan 6 ; Yao Haifeng 6 ; Yasin Zafar 3 ; Ye Jiaxuan 6 ; Ye Mei 6 ; Ye Ziping 82 ; Yegin Ugur 52 ; Yermia Frédéric 19 ; Peihuai, Yi 6 ; Yin Na 58 ; Yin Xiangwei 6 ; You Zhengyun 33 ; Yu Boxiang 6 ; Yu Chiye 28 ; Yu Chunxu 61 ; Yu Hongzhao 33 ; Yu, Miao 24 ; Yu Xianghui 61 ; Yu Zeyuan 6 ; Yu Zezhong 6 ; Yuan Chengzhuo 6 ; Yuan, Ying 71 ; Yuan Zhenxiong 29 ; Yuan Ziyi 24 ; Baobiao, Yue 33 ; Zafar Noman 3 ; Zambanini Andre 52 ; Zavadskyi Vitalii 8 ; Zeng Shan 6 ; Zeng Tingxuan 6 ; Zeng Yuda 33 ; Zhan Liang 6 ; Zhang Aiqiang 29 ; Zhang Feiyang 59 ; Zhang, Guoqing 6 ; Zhang Haiqiong 6 ; Zhang, Honghao 33 ; Zhang, Jiawen 6 ; Zhang, Jie 6 ; Zhang, Jingbo 48 ; Zhang Jinnan 6 ; Zhang, Peng 6 ; Zhang, Qingmin 62 ; Zhang, Shiqi 33 ; Zhang, Shu 33 ; Zhang, Tao 59 ; Zhang, Xiaomei 6 ; Zhang Xuantong 6 ; Zhang Xueyao 58 ; Zhang, Yan 6 ; Zhang, Yinhong 6 ; Zhang, Yiyu 6 ; Zhang Yongpeng 6 ; Zhang, Yuanyuan 59 ; Zhang, Yumei 33 ; Zhang, Zhenyu 24 ; Zhang, Zhijian 28 ; Zhao Fengyi 30 ; Zhao, Jie 6 ; Zhao, Rong 33 ; Zhao, Shujun 44 ; Zhao Tianchi 6 ; Zheng Dongqin 53 ; Zheng, Hua 28 ; Zheng Minshan 57 ; Zheng Yangheng 67 ; Zhong Weirong 53 ; Zhou, Jing 57 ; Zhou, Li 6 ; Zhou, Nan 7 ; Zhou, Shun 6 ; Zhou, Tong 6 ; Zhou, Xiang 24 ; Zhu, Jiang 33 ; Zhu Kangpu 62 ; Zhu Kejun 6 ; Zhu Zhihang 6 ; Zhuang, Bo 6 ; Zhuang Honglin 6 ; Liang, Zong 29 ; Zou Jiaheng 6 

 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (GRID:grid.7870.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 0406) 
 IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France (GRID:grid.462076.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 9909 5847) 
 Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan (GRID:grid.420113.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0542 323X) 
 INFN Catania and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell Università di Catania, Catania, Italy (GRID:grid.8158.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 1969) 
 East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.28056.39) (ISNI:0000 0001 2163 4895) 
 Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.418741.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0632 3097) 
 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China (GRID:grid.59053.3a) (ISNI:0000000121679639) 
 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia (GRID:grid.33762.33) (ISNI:0000000406204119) 
 INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica dell Università di Milano, Milan, Italy (GRID:grid.470206.7) 
10  Chulalongkorn University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875) 
11  IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France (GRID:grid.508754.b) 
12  Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovakia (GRID:grid.7634.6) (ISNI:0000000109409708) 
13  University of Ferrara and INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Department of Physics and Earth Science, Ferrara, Italy (GRID:grid.470200.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1765 4414) 
14  INFN Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (GRID:grid.7563.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 1754) 
15  INFN Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy (GRID:grid.470212.2) 
16  RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany (GRID:grid.1957.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 0728 696X) 
17  Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (GRID:grid.10392.39) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 1447) 
18  National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241) 
19  SUBATECH, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France (GRID:grid.463940.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0475 7658) 
20  National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241); Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, Gradignan, France (GRID:grid.462344.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0384 7901) 
21  Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università di Padova and INFN Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy (GRID:grid.5608.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3470) 
22  University of Roma Tre and INFN Sezione Roma Tre, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.8509.4) (ISNI:0000000121622106) 
23  Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Marseille, France (GRID:grid.470046.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0452 0652) 
24  Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2331 6153) 
25  INFN Milano Bicocca and Politecnico of Milano, Milan, Italy (GRID:grid.470206.7) 
26  Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, Gradignan, France (GRID:grid.462344.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0384 7901) 
27  National United University, Miao-Li, Taiwan (GRID:grid.412103.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0622 7206) 
28  Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China (GRID:grid.459466.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 9243) 
29  Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.12527.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 0662 3178) 
30  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:0000000119573309) 
31  National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Institute of Physics, Hsinchu, Taiwan (GRID:grid.260539.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2059 7017) 
32  North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.261049.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0645 4572) 
33  Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.12981.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2360 039X) 
34  Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.464215.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0243 138X) 
35  Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil (GRID:grid.411400.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2193 3537) 
36  Biologia e Biotecnologie dell’Università di Perugia, INFN Sezione di Perugia and Dipartimento di Chimica, Perugia, Italy (GRID:grid.470215.5) 
37  Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (GRID:grid.4989.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2348 0746) 
38  University of California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Irvine, USA (GRID:grid.266093.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0668 7243) 
39  Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Institute of Physics and Excellence Cluster PRISMA+, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.5802.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 1941 7111) 
40  Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (GRID:grid.6357.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0739 3220) 
41  Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic (GRID:grid.4491.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 116X) 
42  Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.14476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 2342 9668) 
43  Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.425051.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9467 3767) 
44  Zhengzhou University, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou, China (GRID:grid.207374.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2189 3846) 
45  University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, Jyvaskyla, Finland (GRID:grid.9681.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 1013 7965) 
46  Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China (GRID:grid.500400.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2375 7370) 
47  Guangxi University, Nanning, China (GRID:grid.256609.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2254 5798) 
48  Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China (GRID:grid.19373.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0193 3564) 
49  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Shijiazhuang, China (GRID:grid.418538.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0286 4257) 
50  Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Nuclear Physics Institute IKP-2, Jülich, Germany (GRID:grid.8385.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 375X) 
51  RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany (GRID:grid.1957.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 0728 696X); Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Nuclear Physics Institute IKP-2, Jülich, Germany (GRID:grid.8385.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 375X) 
52  Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics-Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Jülich, Germany (GRID:grid.8385.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 375X) 
53  Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.258164.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1790 3548) 
54  Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.20513.35) (ISNI:0000 0004 1789 9964) 
55  Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China (GRID:grid.43169.39) (ISNI:0000 0001 0599 1243); Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Nuclear Physics Institute IKP-2, Jülich, Germany (GRID:grid.8385.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 375X) 
56  University of Hamburg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.9026.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2287 2617) 
57  China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410655.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0157 8259) 
58  Shandong University, Jinan, China (GRID:grid.27255.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1761 1174); Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China (GRID:grid.27255.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1761 1174) 
59  Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.16821.3c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0368 8293) 
60  Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia (GRID:grid.48507.3e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0482 7128) 
61  Nankai University, Tianjin, China (GRID:grid.216938.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9878 7032) 
62  Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China (GRID:grid.43169.39) (ISNI:0000 0001 0599 1243) 
63  National University of Defense Technology, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Changsha, China (GRID:grid.412110.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9548 2110) 
64  Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.418741.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0632 3097); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419) 
65  The Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry Group in University of South China, Hengyang, China (GRID:grid.412017.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0266 8918) 
66  Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.16821.3c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0368 8293); Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.16821.3c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0368 8293) 
67  University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419) 
68  Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.425051.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9467 3767); Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.14476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 2342 9668) 
69  Jilin University, Changchun, China (GRID:grid.64924.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1760 5735) 
70  Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (GRID:grid.12955.3a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2264 7233) 
71  Peking University, School of Physics, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.11135.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2256 9319) 
72  Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.463190.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0648 0236) 
73  Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, Riga, Latvia (GRID:grid.482587.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 6005 8394) 
74  Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile (GRID:grid.12148.3e) (ISNI:0000 0001 1958 645X) 
75  Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio, Brazil (GRID:grid.4839.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2323 852X) 
76  Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.6936.a) (ISNI:0000000123222966) 
77  Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (GRID:grid.7870.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 0406); University of California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Irvine, USA (GRID:grid.266093.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0668 7243) 
78  Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (GRID:grid.41156.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2314 964X) 
79  National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand (GRID:grid.452685.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0478 8165) 
80  Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Institute of Physics and Excellence Cluster PRISMA+, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.5802.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 1941 7111); Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.6936.a) (ISNI:0000000123222966) 
81  Chongqing University, Chongqing, China (GRID:grid.190737.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0154 0904) 
82  Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.16821.3c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0368 8293) 
Publication year
2021
Publication date
Nov 2021
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
ISSN
14346044
e-ISSN
14346052
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2593954678
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.