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Copyright © 2021 Uzma Rafi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Abstract

This study is aimed at determining the association of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines with cardiovascular risk manifestation in women with endometriosis as compared to healthy controls. A total of 181 females of reproductive age with the absence of other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and a lack of hormonal therapy for at least 6 months voluntarily participated in this investigation. Patients were 81 females, laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis, while the control group comprised 80 healthy females without any pelvic pathology. All subjects were 20-40 years of age. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, obesity, hypertension, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interleukin-17, and interleukin-33 were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. For statistical interpretation, the unpaired Student “t” test was used. All inflammatory markers and cytokines demonstrated elevated levels (P<0.001) in endometriosis patients as compared to healthy controls. The results of the study revealed that the patients with endometriosis demonstrate a hypercoagulable status due to inflammation, which initiates atherosclerosis and associated complications. Hence, endometriosis can cause a risk of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.

Details

Title
Association of Inflammatory Markers/Cytokines with Cardiovascular Risk Manifestation in Patients with Endometriosis
Author
Rafi, Uzma 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Shaaf Ahmad 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bokhari, Syeda Shazia 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Muhammad Amir Iqbal 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zia, Amna 4 ; Muhammad Amjad Khan 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Roohi, Nabila 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Institute of Zoology, Physiology/Endocrinology Laboratory, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan 
 King Edward Medical University, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan 
 Institute of Zoology, Physiology/Endocrinology Laboratory, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 
 Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan 
 Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan 
Editor
Eduardo Dalmarco
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISSN
09629351
e-ISSN
14661861
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2594363481
Copyright
Copyright © 2021 Uzma Rafi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/