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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is not sufficiently overexpressed in a small proportion of prostate cancer (PCa) patients, who require other strategies for imaging and/or treatment. We reviewed potential targets other than PSMA for PCa theranostics in nuclear medicine that have already been tested in humans. Methods: We performed a systematic web search in the PubMed and Cochrane databases, with no time restrictions by pooling terms (“prostate cancer”, “prostatic neoplasms”) and (“radioligand”, “radiotracer”). Included articles were clinical studies. The results were synthetized by the target type. Results: We included 38 studies on six different targets: gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) (n = 23), androgen receptor (n = 11), somatostatin receptors (n = 6), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (n = 4), fibroblast activation protein (n = 2 studies) and integrin receptors (n = 1). GRPRs, the most studied target, has a lower expression in high-grade PCa, CRPC and bone metastases. Its use might be of higher interest in treating earlier stages of PCa or low-grade PCa. Radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors were the most recent and promising molecules, but specific studies reporting their interest in PCa are needed. Conclusion: Theranostics in nuclear medicine will continue to develop in the future, especially for PCa patients. Targets other than PSMA exist and deserve to be promoted.

Details

Title
Potential Targets Other Than PSMA for Prostate Cancer Theranostics: A Systematic Review
Author
Gauthé, Mathieu 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sargos, Paul 2 ; Barret, Eric 3 ; Fromont-Hankard, Gaëlle 4 ; Jean-Baptiste Beauval 5 ; Brureau, Laurent 6 ; Créhange, Gilles 7 ; Renard-Penna, Raphaële 8 ; Dariane, Charles 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Fiard, Gaëlle 10   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mathieu, Romain 11 ; Roubaud, Guilhem 12 ; Ruffion, Alain 13 ; Morgan Rouprêt 14 ; Ploussard, Guillaume 15   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ishii, Kenichiro

 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Scintep, 38000 Grenoble, France 
 Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France; [email protected] 
 Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France; [email protected] 
 Department of Pathology, CHRU, 37000 Tours, France; [email protected] 
 Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 31445 Quint Fonsegrives, France; [email protected] (J.-B.B.); [email protected] (G.P.) 
 Department of Urology, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, University of Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France; [email protected] 
 Department of Radiation Oncology Curie Institute, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] 
 Radiology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France; [email protected] 
 Department of Urology, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris–Paris University–U1151 Inserm-INEM, Necker, 75015 Paris, France; [email protected] 
10  Department of Urology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France; [email protected] 
11  Department of Urology, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; [email protected] 
12  Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France; [email protected] 
13  Service d’urologie Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Equipe 2-Centre d’Innovation en cancérologie de Lyon (EA 3738 CICLY)-Faculté de médecine Lyon Sud-Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; [email protected] 
14  GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Uro, Urology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France; [email protected] 
15  Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 31445 Quint Fonsegrives, France; [email protected] (J.-B.B.); [email protected] (G.P.); Institut Universitaire du Cancer Oncopole, 31000 Toulouse, France 
First page
4909
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20770383
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2596030390
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.