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Abstract
Yogurt is one of the most frequently consumed dairy products for nutritional benefits. Although yogurt is enriched with probiotics, it is susceptible to spoilage because of the presence of pathogenic microbes. Spoiled yogurt if consumed can cause food-borne diseases. This study aimed to assess the nutritional composition and microbiome diversity in yogurt manufactured in Bangladesh. Microbial diversity was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. From nutritional analysis, significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, fat, moisture, total solid and solid-non-fat contents (%) were observed in sweet yogurt. Following the classification of Illumina sequences, 84.86% and 72.14% of reads were assigned to bacterial and fungal genera, respectively, with significantly higher taxonomic richness in sour yogurt prepared from buffalo. A significant difference in bacterial (Ppermanova = 0.001) and fungal (Ppermanova = 0.013) diversity between sweet and sour yogurt was recorded. A total of 76 bacterial and 70 fungal genera were detected across these samples which were mostly represented by Firmicutes (92.89%) and Ascomycota (98%) phyla, respectively. This is the first study that accentuates nutritional profiles and microbiome diversity of Bangladeshi yogurt which are crucial in determining both active and passive health effects of yogurt consumption in individuals.
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Details
1 University of Chittagong, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Chattogram, Bangladesh (GRID:grid.413089.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9744 3393)
2 Curtin University, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Bentley, Australia (GRID:grid.1032.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0375 4078); Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sylhet, Bangladesh (GRID:grid.412506.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0689 2212)
3 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Gazipur, Bangladesh (GRID:grid.443108.a) (ISNI:0000 0000 8550 5526)
4 Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram, Bangladesh (GRID:grid.442958.6)
5 University of Western Australia, Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre, Perth, Australia (GRID:grid.1012.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7910)
6 Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Forest Chemistry Division, Chattogram, Bangladesh (GRID:grid.1012.2)
7 Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chattogram, Bangladesh (GRID:grid.466521.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2034 6517)