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Abstract
The number of elderly people is rapidly growing, and the proportion of elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM) continues to increase. This study aimed to develop a frailty assessment tool based on clinical data and to estimate its feasibility in elderly patients with MM. This study analyzed data from 728 elderly transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed MM who were treated between January 2010 and October 2019. Our clinical frailty index included age (< 75, and ≥ 75 years), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI; < 3 and ≥ 3), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score (ECOG score; 0, 1–2, and ≥ 3). Patients were classified as fit, intermediate, or frail if they had a score of 0, 1, or ≥ 2, respectively. The overall survival rates differed significantly according to frailty (fit vs. intermediate: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43–4.06; P = 0.001; fit vs. frail: HR = 4.61; 95% CI = 2.74–7.77; P < 0.001 and intermediate vs. frail: HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.49–2.45, P < 0.001, respectively). The frail had significantly shorter EFS compared with the fit and intermediate group in our frailty index (fit vs. intermediate: HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.92–1.96, P = 0.132; fit vs. frail: HR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.40–3.02, P < 0.001; and intermediate vs. frail: HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.22–1.92, P < 0.001, respectively). The new clinical frailty index, which is based on age, CCI, and ECOG PS, can easily assess frailty in elderly patients with MM and can be helpful in predicting survival outcomes in real world clinical setting.
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Details
1 Kosin University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan, South Korea (GRID:grid.411144.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0532 9454)
2 Dong-A University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan, South Korea (GRID:grid.255166.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2218 7142)
3 University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea (GRID:grid.267370.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0533 4667)
4 Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hwasun, South Korea (GRID:grid.411602.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 9534)
5 Pusan National University, Department of Statistics, Busan, South Korea (GRID:grid.262229.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0719 8572)
6 Vancouver General Hospital, BC Cancer, Division of Hematology, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (GRID:grid.412541.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0684 7796)