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Abstract
The incidental or malicious release of toxic gases in the atmosphere is one of the most critical scenarios for cities. The impact of these releases varies with the ventilation potential of the urban environment. To disentangle this crucial aspect, vulnerability to airborne releases is here traced back to essential properties of the urban fabric. To this aim, pollutant dispersion is disassembled in its fundamental bricks and the main drivers of the process are captured. The analysis is based on four cities with emblematic architectures: Paris, Firenze, Lyon and New York. Results show that vulnerability is driven by the topology of the city and by its interaction with the approaching wind. In this sense, fragility to toxic releases is written in the layout of the urban fabric and results from its historical evolution. This study paves the way to the assessment of air pollution-related issues from a morphological point of view.
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1 Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, Université de Lyon, École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Écully, France (GRID:grid.7849.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2150 7757); Politecnico di Torino, Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Turin, Italy (GRID:grid.4800.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0343)
2 Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, Université de Lyon, École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Écully, France (GRID:grid.7849.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2150 7757)
3 Politecnico di Torino, Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Turin, Italy (GRID:grid.4800.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0343)