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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The immobilization of hazardous wastes in ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based materials has been widely studied and implemented. OPC-based materials have a high carbon footprint associated with their production and geopolymer materials are a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. Therefore, this work aimed to immobilize two hazardous industrial wastes: copper wastewater sludge and phosphogypsum in one-part geopolymer materials. For that purpose, the precursor was partially substituted by these wastes (5, 10 and 20 wt.%) in the formulations. The geopolymer fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, and the immobilisation of pollutants was determined through leaching tests. In phosphogypsum pastes (PG5, PG10 and PG20) it was observed that the compressive strength decreased with the increase in its amount, varying between 67 MPa and 19 MPa. In copper sludge pastes, the compressive strength of the specimens (CWS5 and CWS10) reached ~50 MPa. The mortars, MPG10 and MCWSs10, had compressive strengths of 13 MPa and 21 MPa, respectively. Leaching tests showed that pastes and mortars immobilise the hazardous species of the wastes, except for As from copper sludge, whose the best result was found in the compact paste (CWSs10) that leached 2 mg/kg of As. Results suggest that optimized compositions are suitable for the construction sector.

Details

Title
Immobilization of Hazardous Wastes on One-Part Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymers
Author
Paz-Gómez, Daniela Carolina 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pérez-Moreno, Silvia M 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Carvalheiras, João 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Guerrero, José Luis 3 ; Rui Miguel Novais 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Maria Paula Seabra 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ríos, Guillermos 4 ; Juan Pedro Bolívar 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Labrincha, João António 2 

 Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Research Centre on Natural Resources, Department of Integrated Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; [email protected] (S.M.P.-M.); [email protected] (J.L.G.); [email protected] (J.P.B.); Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (R.M.N.); [email protected] (M.P.S.) 
 Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (R.M.N.); [email protected] (M.P.S.) 
 Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Research Centre on Natural Resources, Department of Integrated Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; [email protected] (S.M.P.-M.); [email protected] (J.L.G.); [email protected] (J.P.B.) 
 Atlantic Copper S.L.U., 21001 Huelva, Spain; [email protected] 
First page
13455
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20711050
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2608145977
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.