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Copyright © 2021 Toni Tamminen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Abstract

Chronic oxidative stress eventually leads to protein aggregation in combination with impaired autophagy, which has been observed in age-related macular degeneration. We have previously shown an effective age-related macular degeneration disease model in mice with nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NFE2L2) knockout. We have also shown pinosylvin, a polyphenol abundant in bark waste, to increase human retinal pigment epithelium cell viability in vitro. In this work, the effects of commercial natural pinosylvin extract, Retinari™, were studied on the electroretinogram, optical coherence tomogram, autophagic activity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation markers. Wild-type and NFE2L2 knockout mice were raised until the age of 14.8±3.8 months. They were fed with either regular or Retinari™ chow (141±17.0 mg/kg/day of pinosylvin) for 10 weeks before the assays. Retinari™ treatment preserved significant retinal function with significantly preserved a- and b-wave amplitudes in the electroretinogram responses. Additionally, the treatment prevented thinning of the retina in the NFE2L2 knockout mice. The NFE2L2 knockout mice showed reduced ubiquitin-tagged protein accumulation in addition to local upregulation of complement factor H and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase. Therefore, the treatment in the NFE2L2 KO disease model led to reduced chronic oxidative stress and sustained retinal function and morphology. Our results demonstrate that pinosylvin supplementation could potentially lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration onset and slow down its progression.

Details

Title
Pinosylvin Extract Retinari™ Sustains Electrophysiological Function, Prevents Thinning of Retina, and Enhances Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress in NFE2L2 Knockout Mice
Author
Tamminen, Toni 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Koskela, Ali 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Toropainen, Elisa 2 ; Iswariyaraja, Sridevi Gurubaran 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Winiarczyk, Mateusz 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Liukkonen, Mikko 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Paterno, Jussi J 4 ; Lackman, Petri 5 ; Sadeghi, Amir 2 ; Viiri, Johanna 1 ; Hyttinen, Juha M T 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Koskelainen, Ari 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kaarniranta, Kai 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland 
 School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland 
 Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 
 Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS Kuopio, Finland 
 Eevia Health Oy, FI-60100 Seinäjoki, Finland 
 Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00067 Aalto, Finland 
Editor
Lei Chen
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISSN
19420900
e-ISSN
19420994
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2611360224
Copyright
Copyright © 2021 Toni Tamminen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/