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Abstract
Synthesis of nanomaterials following green routes have drawn much attention in recent years due to the low cost, easy and eco-friendly approaches involved therein. Therefore, the current study is focused towards the synthesis of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite using waste pulp of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and iron nitrate as the precursor of iron in an eco-friendly way. The synthesized Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite has been extensively characterized through numerous techniques to explore the physicochemical properties, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, high resolution transmission electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. Further, efficiency of the Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite has been evaluated to improve the incubation temperature, thermal/pH stability of the crude cellulase enzymes obtained from the lab isolate fungal strain Cladosporium cladosporioides NS2 via solid state fermentation. It is found that the presence of 0.5% Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite showed optimum incubation temperature and thermal stability in the long temperature range of 50–60 °C for 15 h along with improved pH stability in the range of pH 3.5–6.0. The presented study may have potential application in bioconversion of waste biomass at high temperature and broad pH range.
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1 Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Varanasi, India (GRID:grid.467228.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1806 4045)
2 Jazan University, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.411831.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0398 1027); Jazan University, SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.411831.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0398 1027)
3 Yeungnam University, School of Chemical Engineering, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea (GRID:grid.413028.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0674 4447)
4 University of Ha’il, Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.443320.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0608 0056)
5 Birla Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Mesra, Ranchi, India (GRID:grid.418391.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 1015 3164)
6 Jazan University, Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.411831.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0398 1027); Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Medicine, Nilüfer, Turkey (GRID:grid.34538.39) (ISNI:0000 0001 2182 4517)
7 University of Delhi, Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, New Delhi, Delhi, India (GRID:grid.8195.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2109 4999)
8 Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Edinburgh, UK (GRID:grid.426884.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0170 6644); Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Center for Safe and Improved Food, Edinburgh, UK (GRID:grid.426884.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0170 6644)