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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Greywater (GW) can be separated in different fractions where the kitchen component might be included. Constructed wetland (CW) systems are commonly used for the onsite treatment of GW, and the fraction treated might impact the performance, operation, and maintenance. These aspects are still poorly explored in the literature and are of importance for a proper design and system sustainability. In this study, a multi-stage household-scale CW system composed of a horizontal flow (HF), followed by a vertical flow (VF) unit, was monitored over 1330 days, focusing on different GW fractions and hydraulic and organic loading rates. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was ~50% lower without the kitchen sink component (GWL) in the system inlet, while no drop was observed in the chemical oxygen demand (COD). Treatment with the GWL component caused a sudden drop in the hydraulic loading rate applied at the HF-CW (~114 to 35 mm per day) and the VF-CW (~230 to 70 mm per day). Even when the HF-CW received ~90 gCOD m−2 per day (GW), the multistage system reached a COD removal of 90%. The lower BOD load when treating GWL avoids clogging and decreases the frequency of maintenance. These variables can be used for the optimal design and operation of a CW, contributing with empirical data to CW guidelines in Brazil, and could additionally be expanded for application in other countries with similar climates.

Details

Title
Multistage Constructed Wetland in the Treatment of Greywater under Tropical Conditions: Performance, Operation, and Maintenance
Author
Fernando J C Magalhães Filho 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; José C M de Souza Filho 2 ; Paulo, Paula L 2 

 Agrosantech—Agrotechnology-Oriented Sustainable Sanitation Research Group, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; [email protected] (J.C.M.d.S.F.); [email protected] (P.L.P.) 
 Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; [email protected] (J.C.M.d.S.F.); [email protected] (P.L.P.) 
First page
63
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
23134321
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2612837197
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.