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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Nowadays, polyethylene glycols referred to as PEGs are widely used in cosmetics, consumer care products, and the pharmaceutical industry. Their advantageous properties such as chemical stability, low immunogenicity, and high tolerability explain why PEGs are applied in many fields of pharmaceutical formulations including parenteral, topical, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations and also in modern drug delivery systems. Given their extensive use, they are considered a well-known group of chemicals. However, the number of large-scale comparative studies involving multiple PEGs of wide molecular weight range is low, as in most cases biological effects are estimated upon molecular weight. The aim of this publication was to study the action of PEGs on Caco-2 cells and G. mellonella larvae and to calculate the correlation of these effects with molecular weight and osmolality. Eleven PEGs of different molecular weight were used in our experiments: PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400, PEG 600, PEG 1000, PEG 1500, PEG 4000, PEG 8000, PEG 10,000, 12,000, and PEG 20,000. The investigated cellular effects included cytotoxicity (MTT and Neutral Red assays, flow cytometry with propidium iodide and annexin V) and autophagy. The osmolality of different molecular weight PEGs with various concentrations was measured by a vapor pressure osmometer OSMOMAT 070 and G. mellonella larvae were injected with the solutions of PEGs. Sorbitol was used as controls of the same osmolality. Statistical correlation was calculated to describe the average molecular weight dependence of the different measured effects. Osmolality, the cytotoxicity assays, flow cytometry data, and larvae mortality had significant correlation with the structure of the PEGs, while autophagosome formation and the proportion of early apoptotic cells showed no statistical correlation. Overall, it must be noted that PEGs must be tested individually for biological effects as not all effects can be estimated by the average molecular weight.

Details

Title
Comparative Investigation of Cellular Effects of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Derivatives
Author
Ha Pham Le Khanh 1 ; Nemes, Dániel 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Rusznyák, Ágnes 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ujhelyi, Zoltán 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Fehér, Pálma 2 ; Fenyvesi, Ferenc 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Váradi, Judit 2 ; Vecsernyés, Miklós 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bácskay, Ildikó 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; [email protected] (H.P.L.K.); [email protected] (D.N.); [email protected] (Á.R.); [email protected] (Z.U.); [email protected] (P.F.); [email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (M.V.); Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary 
 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; [email protected] (H.P.L.K.); [email protected] (D.N.); [email protected] (Á.R.); [email protected] (Z.U.); [email protected] (P.F.); [email protected] (F.F.); [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (M.V.); Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary 
First page
279
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20734360
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2621380023
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.