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Abstract
Lactational mastitis is an excellent target to study possible interactions between HMOs, immune factors and milk microbiota due to the infectious and inflammatory nature of this condition. In this work, microbiological, immunological and HMO profiles of milk samples from women with (MW) or without (HW) mastitis were compared. Secretor status in women (based on HMO profile) was not associated to mastitis. DFLNH, LNFP II and LSTb concentrations in milk were higher in samples from HW than from MW among Secretor women. Milk from HW was characterized by a low bacterial load (dominated by Staphylococcus epidermidis and streptococci), high prevalence of IL10 and IL13, and low sialylated HMO concentration. In contrast, high levels of staphylococci, streptococci, IFNγ and IL12 characterized milk from MW. A comparison between subacute (SAM) and acute (AM) mastitis cases revealed differences related to the etiological agent (S. epidermidis in SAM; Staphylococcus aureus in AM), milk immunological profile (high content of IL10 and IL13 in SAM and IL2 in AM) and milk HMOs profile (high content of 3FL in SAM and of LNT, LNnT, and LSTc in AM). These results suggest that microbiological, immunological and HMOs profiles of milk are related to mammary health of women.
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1 Complutense University of Madrid, Departament of Nutrition and Food Science, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.4795.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 7667)
2 Complutense University of Madrid, Departament of Nutrition and Food Science, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.4795.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 7667); Probisearch S.L., Tres Cantos, Spain (GRID:grid.4795.f)
3 University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, La Jolla, USA (GRID:grid.266100.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2107 4242)
4 IPLA-CSIC, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain (GRID:grid.419120.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0388 6652)
5 Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.4795.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 7667)