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Abstract
Is terrorism just another form of criminal activity, as many nations’ justice systems assume? We offer an initial answer using face-to-face interviews and structured surveys in thirty-five Spanish prisons. Recent theories of extreme sacrifice inform this direct observational and comparative study. Islamist terrorists display levels of self-sacrifice for their primary reference group similar to that of Latino gangs, but greater willingness to sacrifice for primary values than other inmates (non-radical Muslims, Latino gangs, and delinquent bands). This disposition is motivated by stronger perceived injustice, discrimination, and a visceral commitment to such values (risk/radicalization factors). Nevertheless, state authorities, prison staff, and families are (protective/de-radicalization) factors apt to reduce willingness to sacrifice and keep foreign fighters, now being released in large numbers, from returning to terrorism.
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Details
1 Artis International, Scottsdale, USA; Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Facultad de Psicología, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.10702.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 8920)
2 Artis International, Scottsdale, USA (GRID:grid.10702.34); University of Oxford, Changing Character of War Centre, Oxford, UK (GRID:grid.4991.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8948); University of Michigan, Gerald Ford School of Public Policy, Michigan, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000000086837370)
3 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Facultad de Psicología, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.10702.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 8920)
4 Artis International, Scottsdale, USA (GRID:grid.10702.34); Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Facultad de Psicología, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.10702.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 8920)
5 Artis International, Scottsdale, USA (GRID:grid.10702.34); Universidad de Almería, Departamento de Psicología, Almería, Spain (GRID:grid.28020.38) (ISNI:0000000101969356)
6 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Facultad de Psicología, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.10702.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 8920); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.5515.4) (ISNI:0000000119578126)
7 Gobierno de España, Instituciones Penitenciarias, Ministerio del Interior, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.454788.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1768 2343)
8 Gobierno de España, Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad, Ministerio del Interior, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.454788.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1768 2343)
9 Artis International, Scottsdale, USA (GRID:grid.454788.2); University of Oxford, Changing Character of War Centre, Oxford, UK (GRID:grid.4991.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8948); Arizona State University, School of Politics and Global Studies, Tempe, USA (GRID:grid.215654.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 2636)