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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Energy Expenditure (EE) (kcal/day), a key element to guide obesity treatment, is measured from CO2 production, VCO2 (mL/min), and/or O2 consumption, VO2 (mL/min). Current technologies are limited due to the requirement of wearable facial accessories. A novel system, the Smart Pad, which measures EE via VCO2 from a room’s ambient CO2 concentration transients was evaluated. Resting EE (REE) and exercise VCO2 measurements were recorded using Smart Pad and a reference instrument to study measurement duration’s influence on accuracy. The Smart Pad displayed 90% accuracy (±1 SD) for 14–19 min of REE measurement and for 4.8–7.0 min of exercise, using known room’s air exchange rate. Additionally, the Smart Pad was validated measuring subjects with a wide range of body mass indexes (BMI = 18.8 to 31.4 kg/m2), successfully validating the system accuracy across REE’s measures of ~1200 to ~3000 kcal/day. Furthermore, high correlation between subjects’ VCO2 and λ for CO2 accumulation was observed (p < 0.00001, R = 0.785) in a 14.0 m3 sized room. This finding led to development of a new model for REE measurement from ambient CO2 without λ calibration using a reference instrument. The model correlated in nearly 100% agreement with reference instrument measures (y = 1.06x, R = 0.937) using an independent dataset (N = 56).

Details

Title
A Smart System for the Contactless Measurement of Energy Expenditure
Author
Sprowls, Mark 1 ; Victor, Shaun 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sabrina Jimena Mora 2 ; Osorio, Oscar 2 ; Pyznar, Gabriel 2 ; Destaillats, Hugo 3 ; Wheatley-Guy, Courtney 4 ; Johnson, Bruce 4 ; Kulick, Doina 4 ; Forzani, Erica 1 

 School of Engineering for Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (S.V.); Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; [email protected] (S.J.M.); [email protected] (O.O.); [email protected] (G.P.) 
 Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; [email protected] (S.J.M.); [email protected] (O.O.); [email protected] (G.P.) 
 Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected] 
 Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85289, USA; [email protected] (C.W.-G.); [email protected] (B.J.); [email protected] (D.K.) 
First page
1355
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
14248220
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2633329639
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.