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Abstract
The origin and key details of the making of the ~ 30,000 year old Venus from Willendorf remained a secret since its discovery for more than a hundred years. Based on new micro-computed tomography scans with a resolution of 11.5 µm, our analyses can explain the origin as well as the choice of material and particular surface features. It allowed the identification of internal structure properties and a chronological assignment of the Venus oolite to the Mesozoic. Sampling numerous oolite occurrences ranging ~ 2500 km from France to the Ukraine, we found a strikingly close match for grain size distribution near Lake Garda in the Southern Alps (Italy). This might indicate considerable mobility of Gravettian people and long-time transport of artefacts from South to North by modern human groups before the Last Glacial Maximum.
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Details
1 University of Vienna, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology & Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.10420.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2286 1424); University of Vienna, Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences-HEAS, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.10420.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2286 1424)
2 Natural History Museum Vienna, Geological-Paleontological Department, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.425585.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2259 6528)
3 University of Vienna, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.10420.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2286 1424)
4 Ludwig-Maximilians University, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.5252.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 973X)
5 Württemberg State Museum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany (GRID:grid.461767.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0945 4111)
6 Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Prehistory, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.425585.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2259 6528)