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© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

N1-methylnicotinamide (N1-MN) and N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2Py) are successive end products of NAD+ catabolism. N1-MN excretion in 24-h urine is the established biomarker of niacin nutritional status, and recently shown to be reduced in renal transplant recipients (RTR). However, it is unclear whether 2Py excretion is increased in this population, and, if so, whether a shift in excretion of N1-MN to 2Py can be attributed to kidney function. Hence, we assessed the 24-h urinary excretion of 2Py and N1-MN in RTR and kidney donors before and after kidney donation, and investigated associations of the urinary ratio of 2Py to N1-MN (2Py/N1-MN) with kidney function, and independent determinants of urinary 2Py/N1-MN in RTR. The urinary excretion of 2Py and N1-MN was measured in a cross-sectional cohort of 660 RTR and 275 healthy kidney donors with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations and determinants of urinary 2Py/N1-MN. Median 2Py excretion was 178.1 (130.3–242.8) μmol/day in RTR, compared to 155.6 (119.6–217.6) μmol/day in kidney donors (p < 0.001). In kidney donors, urinary 2Py/N1-MN increased significantly after kidney donation (4.0 ± 1.4 to 5.2 ± 1.5, respectively; p < 0.001). Smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were identified as independent determinants of urinary 2Py/N1-MN in RTR. In conclusion, the 24-h urinary excretion of 2Py is higher in RTR than in kidney donors, and urinary 2Py/N1-MN increases after kidney donation. As our data furthermore reveal strong associations of urinary 2Py/N1-MN with kidney function, interpretation of both N1-MN and 2Py excretion may be recommended for assessment of niacin nutritional status in conditions of impaired kidney function.

Details

Title
Urinary Excretion of N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N1-methylnicotinamide in Renal Transplant Recipients and Donors
Author
Deen, Carolien P J 1 ; van der Veen, Anna 2 ; Gomes-Neto, António W 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Geleijnse, Johanna M 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Karin J Borgonjen-van den Berg 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Heiner-Fokkema, M Rebecca 2 ; Kema, Ido P 2 ; Bakker, Stephan J L 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.W.G.-N.); [email protected] (S.J.L.B.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.v.d.V.); [email protected] (M.R.H.-F.); [email protected] (I.P.K.); TiFN, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands 
 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.v.d.V.); [email protected] (M.R.H.-F.); [email protected] (I.P.K.) 
 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.W.G.-N.); [email protected] (S.J.L.B.); TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Biobank and Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands 
 Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (J.M.G.); [email protected] (K.J.B.-v.d.B.) 
 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.W.G.-N.); [email protected] (S.J.L.B.); TiFN, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands; TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Biobank and Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands 
First page
437
Publication year
2020
Publication date
2020
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20770383
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2641051160
Copyright
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.