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Abstract
Ungulate malaria parasites and their vectors are among the least studied when compared to other medically important species. As a result, a thorough understanding of ungulate malaria parasites, hosts, and mosquito vectors has been lacking, necessitating additional research efforts. This study aimed to identify the vector(s) of Plasmodium bubalis. A total of 187 female mosquitoes (133 Anopheles spp., 24 Culex spp., 24 Aedes spp., and 6 Mansonia spp. collected from a buffalo farm in Thailand where concurrently collected water buffalo samples were examined and we found only Anopheles spp. samples were P. bubalis positive. Molecular identification of anopheline mosquito species was conducted by sequencing of the PCR products targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2), and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) markers. We observed 5 distinct groups of anopheline mosquitoes: Barbirostris, Hyrcanus, Ludlowae, Funestus, and Jamesii groups. The Barbirostris group (Anopheles wejchoochotei or Anopheles campestris) and the Hyrcanus group (Anopheles peditaeniatus) were positive for P. bubalis. Thus, for the first time, our study implicated these anopheline mosquito species as probable vectors of P. bubalis in Thailand.
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1 Chulalongkorn University, The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875); Chulalongkorn University, Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875); Universitas Gadjah Mada, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (GRID:grid.8570.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2152 4506)
2 Chulalongkorn University, Veterinary Pathobiology Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875)
3 Chulalongkorn University, The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875)
4 Chulalongkorn University, Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangkok, Thailand (GRID:grid.7922.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0244 7875)
5 Nagasaki University, Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki, Japan (GRID:grid.174567.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 8902 2273)
6 Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Department of Global Cooperation, Research Unit for Global Infection Control, Obihiro, Japan (GRID:grid.412310.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0688 9267)