Abstract

When materials are exposed to X-ray pulses with sufficiently high intensity, various nonlinear effects can occur. The most fundamental one consists of stimulated electronic decays after resonant absorption of X-rays. Such stimulated decays enhance the number of emitted photons and the emission direction is confined to that of the stimulating incident photons which clone themselves in the process. Here we report the observation of stimulated resonant elastic (REXS) and inelastic (RIXS) X-ray scattering near the cobalt L3 edge in solid Co/Pd multilayer samples. We observe an enhancement of order 106 of the stimulated over the conventional spontaneous RIXS signal into the small acceptance angle of the RIXS spectrometer. We also find that in solids both stimulated REXS and RIXS spectra contain contributions from inelastic electron scattering processes, even for ultrashort 5 fs pulses. Our results reveal the potential and caveats of the development of stimulated RIXS in condensed matter.

X-ray free electron lasers provide brilliant light with sufficient intensity to strongly drive and probe nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions. Here, spectroscopy of Co/Pd multilayers reveals a nearly one-million-fold enhancement of stimulated resonant inelastic X-ray scattering versus conventional, spontaneous scattering.

Details

Title
Stimulated resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in a solid
Author
Higley, Daniel J 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Chen, Zhao 2 ; Beye, Martin 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Hantschmann Markus 4 ; Reid, Alex H 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mehta Virat 6 ; Hellwig Olav 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Dakovski, Georgi L 5 ; Mitra Ankush 8 ; Engel, Robin Y 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Maxwell, Tim 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ding Yuantao 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bonetti Stefano 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bucher Maximilian 5 ; Carron, Sebastian 5 ; Chase, Tyler 1 ; Jal Emmanuelle 10   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kukreja Roopali 11 ; Liu, Tianmin 2 ; Föhlisch Alexander 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Dürr, Hermann A 12   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Schlotter, William F 5 ; Stöhr Joachim 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

1  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); Stanford University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
2  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); Stanford University, Department of Physics, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
3  Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany (GRID:grid.7683.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0492 0453) 
4  Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany (GRID:grid.11348.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0942 1117); Institute of Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany (GRID:grid.424048.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 1090 3682) 
5  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771) 
6  San Jose Research Center, HGST a Western Digital Company, San Jose, USA (GRID:grid.450890.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0634 5771) 
7  San Jose Research Center, HGST a Western Digital Company, San Jose, USA (GRID:grid.450890.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0634 5771); Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany (GRID:grid.6810.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2294 5505); Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (GRID:grid.40602.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 2158 0612) 
8  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, UK (GRID:grid.7372.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8809 1613) 
9  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377) 
10  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chemie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris, France (GRID:grid.483497.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0370 0379) 
11  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); University of California Davis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Davis, USA (GRID:grid.27860.3b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9684) 
12  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden (GRID:grid.8993.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9457) 
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
23993650
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-00857-8
ProQuest document ID
2647482742
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.