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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inappropriate levels of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with individual functioning. The international guidelines recommend targeting ADHD-related neurochemical brain abnormalities by intervening via drug treatment, such as methylphenidate (MPH), as first choice. Drug treatments are usually associated with a huge amount of cost for families and the healthcare system, suspension for low compliance, poor long-term efficacy, and side effects. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a possible noninvasive means to safely manipulate brain activity and, in turn, improve behavior and cognition in developmental ages. Several studies have shown that tDCS has the potential to improve ADHD-related cognitive deficits, but the effect of tDCS compared with MPH has never been evaluated. The aim of the present within-subject, sham-controlled, randomized proof-of-concept study is to demonstrate the positive effect of one-session anodal tDCS analogous to the MPH drug on inhibitory control and working memory in children and adolescents with ADHD. We strongly believe that this study protocol will serve to accelerate research into low-cost, drug-free, feasible interventions for ADHD.

Details

Title
Comparing the Effect of Methylphenidate and Anodal tDCS on Inhibitory Control and Working-Memory in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, within-Subject Trial
Author
Barbara D’Aiello 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Battisti, Andrea 1 ; Lazzaro, Giulia 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pani, Pierpaolo 3 ; De Rossi, Pietro 2 ; Silvia Di Vara 2 ; Pretelli, Italo 2 ; Costanzo, Floriana 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Vicari, Stefano 4 ; Menghini, Deny 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (B.D.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (P.D.R.); [email protected] (S.D.V.); [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (S.V.); Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy 
 Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (B.D.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (P.D.R.); [email protected] (S.D.V.); [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (S.V.) 
 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 
 Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (B.D.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (P.D.R.); [email protected] (S.D.V.); [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (S.V.); Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Centro di Riabilitazione, Casa San Giuseppe, Opera Don Guanella, 00165 Rome, Italy 
First page
4575
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
ISSN
1661-7827
e-ISSN
1660-4601
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2652979433
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.