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© The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background

The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is recognized to be the fundamental receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), responsible for the worldwide Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. However, genetic differences between people besides racial considerations and their relation to disease susceptibility are still not fully elucidated.

Main body

To uncover the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 infection, we reviewed the published studies that explore the association of COVID-19 with the functional characteristics of ACE2 and its genetic variations. Notably, emerging studies tried to determine whether the ACE2 variants and/or expression could be associated with SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV2 have conflicting results. Some researchers investigated the potential of “population-specific” ACE2 genetic variations to impact the SARS-CoV2 vulnerability and suggested no ethnicity enrichment for ACE2 polymorphisms that could influence SARS-CoV2 S-protein binding. At the same time, some studies use data mining to predict several ACE2 variants that could enhance or decline susceptibility to SARS-CoV. On the other hand, fewer studies revealed an association of ACE2 expression with COVID-19 outcome reporting higher expression levels of ACE2 in East Asians.

Conclusions

ACE2 gene variants and expression may modify the deleterious consequences of SARS-CoV2 to the host cells. It is worth noting that apart from the differences in gene expression and the genetic variations of ACE2, many other environmental and/or genetic factors could modify the disease outcome, including the genes for the innate and the adaptive immune response.

Details

Title
The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) genetic variations in COVID-19 infection: a literature review
Author
Fawzy, Manal S. 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ashour, Hend 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Shafie, Aya Allah Ashraf 3 ; Dahman, Nesrine Ben Hadj 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Fares, Abdelhamid M. 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Antar, Sarah 6 ; Elnoby, Ahmed S. 7 ; Fouad, Fatma Mohamed 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Suez Canal University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt (GRID:grid.33003.33) (ISNI:0000 0000 9889 5690) 
 King Khalid University, Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.412144.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1790 7100); Cairo University, Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Giza, Egypt (GRID:grid.7776.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0639 9286) 
 Cairo University, Chemistry/Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Giza, Egypt (GRID:grid.7776.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0639 9286) 
 University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Bardo, Tunis, Tunisia (GRID:grid.12574.35) (ISNI:0000000122959819) 
 University of Sadat City, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City, Egypt (GRID:grid.449877.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 4652 351X); Yangzhou University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, China (GRID:grid.268415.c) 
 Mansoura University, Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt (GRID:grid.10251.37) (ISNI:0000000103426662) 
 Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.428154.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0474 308X) 
 Cairo University, Biotechnology/BioMolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Giza, Egypt (GRID:grid.7776.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0639 9286); Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt (GRID:grid.7776.1) 
Pages
97
Publication year
2022
Publication date
Dec 2022
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
ISSN
11108630
e-ISSN
20902441
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2670734347
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.