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Abstract
Size and shape variation of molar crowns in primates plays an important role in understanding how species adapted to their environment. Gorillas are commonly considered to be folivorous primates because they possess sharp cusped molars which are adapted to process fibrous leafy foods. However, the proportion of fruit in their diet can vary significantly depending on their habitats. While tooth morphology can tell us what a tooth is capable of processing, tooth wear can help us to understand how teeth have been used during mastication. The objective of this study is to explore if differences in diet at the subspecies level can be detected by the analysis of molar macrowear. We analysed a large sample of second lower molars of Grauer’s, mountain and western lowland gorilla by combining the Occlusal Fingerprint Analysis method with other dental measurements. We found that Grauer’s and western lowland gorillas are characterised by a macrowear pattern indicating a larger intake of fruit in their diet, while mountain gorilla’s macrowear is associated with the consumption of more folivorous foods. We also found that the consumption of herbaceous foods is generally associated with an increase in dentine and enamel wear, confirming the results of previous studies.
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1 Monash University, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Melbourne, Australia (GRID:grid.1002.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7857)
2 London South Bank University, Division Mechanical Engineering and Design, London, UK (GRID:grid.4756.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2112 2291)
3 Institución Milá y Fontanals de Investigación en Humanidades, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.483414.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4142); Universitat Pompeu Fabra Ramon Trias Fargas, Culture and Socio-Ecological Dynamics, Department of Humanities, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.5612.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2172 2676)
4 Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Melbourne, Australia (GRID:grid.1002.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7857); Geosciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (GRID:grid.436717.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0500 6540)
5 The George Washington University, Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Washington, USA (GRID:grid.253615.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9510); University of Barcelona, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.5841.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0247)
6 University of Poitiers, Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, Poitiers, France (GRID:grid.11166.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2160 6368)
7 Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Paleoanthropology, Frankfurt, Germany (GRID:grid.462628.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2184 5457); Goethe University, Department of Paleobiology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Frankfurt, Germany (GRID:grid.7839.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9721)
8 Universidad de Alicante, Departamento de Biotecnología, Alicante, Spain (GRID:grid.5268.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2168 1800); Universidad de Alicante, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), Alicante, Spain (GRID:grid.5268.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2168 1800)