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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Obesity is one of the main public health problems in Mexico and the world and one from which a large number of pathologies derive. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various genes have been studied and proven to contribute to the development of multiple diseases. SNPs of the leptin pathway have been associated with the control of hunger and energy expenditure as well as with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the present work focused on determining the association between anthropometric markers and biochemical and dietary factors related to obesity and SNPs of leptin pathway genes, such as the leptin gene (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prohormone convertase 1 (PCSK1), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). A population of 574 young Mexican adults of both sexes, aged 19 years old on average and without metabolic disorders previously diagnosed, underwent a complete medical and nutritional evaluation, biochemical determination, and DNA extraction from the blood; DNA samples were subsequently genotyped. Association analyses between anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables with SNPs were performed using binary logistic regressions (p-value = 0.05). Although the sampled population did not have previously diagnosed diseases, the evaluation results showed that 33% were overweight or obese according to BMI and 64% had non-clinically elevated levels of body fat. From the 74 SNP markers analyzed from the five previously mentioned genes, 62 showed polymorphisms within the sampled population, and only 35 of these had significant associations with clinical variables. The risk associations (OR > 1) occurred between clinical markers with elevated values for waist circumference, waist–height index, BMI, body fat percentage, glucose levels, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, triglyceride levels, cholesterol levels, LDL-c, low HDL-c, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake and SNPs of the LEP, LEPR, PCSK1, and MC4R genes. On the other hand, the protective associations (OR < 1) were associated with markers including elevated values for insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, c-LDL, energy intake > 2440 Kcal/day, and lipid intake and SNPs of the LEP and LEPR genes and POMC. The present study describes associations between SNPs in leptin pathway genes, revealing positive and negative interactions between reported SNPs and the clinical markers related to obesity in a sampled Mexican population. Hence, our results open the door for the further study of new genetic variants and their influence on obesity.

Details

Title
Association between SNPs in Leptin Pathway Genes and Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Dietary Markers Related to Obesity
Author
Ricardo Omar Cadena-López 1 ; Hernández-Rodríguez, Lourdes Vanessa 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Aguilar-Galarza, Adriana 3 ; García-Muñoz, Willebaldo 4 ; Haddad-Talancón, Lorenza 4 ; Ma de Lourdes Anzures-Cortes 4 ; Velázquez-Sánchez, Claudia 4 ; Karla Lucero Flores-Viveros 5 ; Anaya-Loyola, Miriam Aracely 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; García-Gasca, Teresa 6 ; Rodríguez-García, Víctor Manuel 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Moreno-Celis, Ulisses 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; [email protected] 
 Médico Cirujano, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Av. Universidad #940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; [email protected] 
 Servicio Universitario de Salud, Secretaria de Atención a la Comunidad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; [email protected] 
 Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Código 46, S.A. de C.V., Cuernavaca 62498, Mexico; [email protected] (W.G.-M.); [email protected] (L.H.-T.); [email protected] (M.d.L.A.-C.); [email protected] (C.V.-S.) 
 Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; [email protected] 
 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; [email protected] (M.A.A.-L.); [email protected] (T.G.-G.) 
 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico 
First page
945
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20734425
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2679727929
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.