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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Using Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) to compare dietary references for screening has been in high demand. However, FFQs have been widely used for ranking individuals in a population based on their dietary intake. We determined the validity of sodium (salt equivalent) intake, potassium intake, and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio obtained using the FFQ for identifying individuals who deviated from the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) measured using multiple 24-h urinary excretion measurements or 12-day weighed food records (WFR). This study included 235 middle-aged subjects. The correlation coefficients (CCs) between the FFQ and WFR estimates were mostly moderate (0.24–0.54); the CCs between the FFQ and 24-h urinary excretion measurements were low or moderate (0.26–0.38). Values of area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) at the point of DRIs for salt equivalent or potassium were >0.7 with the WFR as the reference standard and 0.60–0.76 with the 24-h urinary excretion as the reference standard. Using both standard measures, the AUC for the Na/K ratio was <0.7. The accuracy of salt equivalent and potassium intake estimation using the FFQ to determine absolute intake point was comparable to that using WFR, allowing for quantified error, but not as good as that of 24-h urinary excretion.

Details

Title
Validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire—Estimated Intakes of Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio for Screening at a Point of Absolute Intake among Middle-Aged and Older Japanese Adults
Author
Matsuno, Tomoka 1 ; Takachi, Ribeka 1 ; Ishihara, Junko 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ishii, Yuri 3 ; Kito, Kumiko 3 ; Maruya, Sachiko 1 ; Nakamura, Kazutoshi 4 ; Tanaka, Junta 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yamagishi, Kazumasa 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yamaji, Taiki 7 ; Iso, Hiroyasu 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Iwasaki, Motoki 9 ; Tsugane, Shoichiro 10   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sawada, Norie 3 

 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyahigashimachi Nara-shi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; [email protected] (T.M.); [email protected] (S.M.) 
 Graduate School of Environmental Health, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-City 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan; [email protected] 
 Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; [email protected] (Y.I.); [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (N.S.) 
 Division of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; [email protected] 
 Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; [email protected] 
 Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; [email protected]; Ibaraki Western Medical Center, 555 Otsuka, Chikusei 308-0813, Japan 
 Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; [email protected] 
 Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; [email protected] 
 Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; [email protected] (Y.I.); [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (N.S.); Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; [email protected] 
10  Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; [email protected] (Y.I.); [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (N.S.); National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Sinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan 
First page
2594
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20726643
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2686141372
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.