Abstract

Background

The long-term clinical status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recovered patients remains largely unknown. This prospective cohort study evaluated clinical status of COVID-19 and explored the associated risk factors.

Methods

At the outpatient visit, patients underwent routine blood tests, physical examinations, pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk test, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the chest, and extrapulmonary organ function tests.

Results

230 patients were analyzed. Half (52.7%) reported at least one symptom, most commonly fatigue (20.3%) and sleep difficulties (15.8%). Anxiety (8.2%), depression (11.3%), post-traumatic symptoms (10.3%), and sleep disorders (26.3%) were also reported. Diffusion impairments were found in 35.4% of the patients. Abnormal chest CT scans were present in 63.5% of the patients, mainly reticulation and ground-glass opacities. Further, a persistent decline in kidney function was observed after discharge. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies of IgA, IgG, and IgM were positive in 56.4%, 96.3%, and 15.2% of patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that disease severity, age, and sex were closely related to patient recovery.

Conclusions

One year after hospital discharge, patients recovered from COVID-19 continued to experience both pulmonary and extrapulmonary dysfunction. While paying attention to pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, follow-up studies on extrapulmonary manifestations should be strengthened.

Details

Title
Clinical status of patients 1 year after hospital discharge following recovery from COVID-19: a prospective cohort study
Author
Li, Dapeng 1 ; Liao, Xuejiao 2 ; Ma, Zhenghua 3 ; Zhang, Lina 3 ; Dong, Jingke 3 ; Zheng, Guoqin 3 ; Zi, Mei 4 ; Peng, Wujian 5 ; Wei, Lanlan 1 ; Li, Zhiyan 6 ; Kong, Yingjun 4 ; Wang, Lifei 7 ; Liu, Dongjing 1 ; Wang, Fang 1 ; He, Qing 1 ; Li, Guobao 8 ; Zhang, Zheng 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Liu, Lei 10 

1  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.263817.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 1790) 
2  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.263817.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 1790); Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Department of Chronic Disease Follow-Up, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.410741.7) 
3  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Department of Chronic Disease Follow-Up, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.410741.7) 
4  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.410741.7) 
5  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.410741.7) 
6  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.410741.7) 
7  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.410741.7) 
8  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Department of the Third Pulmonary Disease, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.410741.7) 
9  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.263817.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 1790); Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.263817.9); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-Infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.263817.9) 
10  Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.263817.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 1790); Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China (GRID:grid.263817.9) 
Publication year
2022
Publication date
Dec 2022
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
e-ISSN
21105820
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-01034-4
ProQuest document ID
2687920288
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.