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Abstract
The intrinsic cardiovascular regulatory system (β, 0.00013–0.02 Hz) did not adapt to microgravity after a 6-month spaceflight. The infraslow oscillation (ISO, 0.01–0.10 Hz) coordinating brain dynamics via thalamic astrocytes plays a key role in the adaptation to novel environments. We investigate the adaptive process of a healthy astronaut during a 12-month-long spaceflight by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in the LF (0.01–0.05 Hz) and MF1 (0.05–0.10 Hz) bands for two consecutive days on four occasions: before launch, at 1-month (ISS01) and 11-month (ISS02) in space, and after return to Earth. Alteration of β during ISS01 improved during ISS02 (P = 0.0167). During ISS01, LF and MF1 bands, reflecting default mode network (DMN) activity, started to increase at night (by 43.1% and 32.0%, respectively), when suprachiasmatic astrocytes are most active, followed by a 25.9% increase in MF1-band throughout the entire day during ISS02, larger at night (47.4%) than during daytime. Magnetic declination correlated positively with β during ISS01 (r = 0.6706, P < 0.0001) and ISS02 (r = 0.3958, P = 0.0095). Magnetic fluctuations may affect suprachiasmatic astrocytes, and the DMN involving ISOs and thalamic astrocytes may then be activated, first at night, then during the entire day, a mechanism that could perhaps promote an anti-aging effect noted in other investigations.
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1 Totsuka Royal Clinic, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Sinjuku City, Executive Medical Center, Related Medical Facility, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.410818.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0720 6587); University of Minnesota, Halberg Chronobiology Center, Minneapolis, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000000419368657)
2 University of Minnesota, Halberg Chronobiology Center, Minneapolis, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000000419368657)
3 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Space Biomedical Research Group, Ibaraki, Japan (GRID:grid.62167.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2220 7916)
4 Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Department of Medicine, Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.410818.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0720 6587)
5 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Space Biomedical Research Group, Ibaraki, Japan (GRID:grid.62167.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2220 7916); Tohoku Fukushi University, Faculty of Education, Miyagi, Japan (GRID:grid.412754.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 9956 3487)
6 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Space Biomedical Research Group, Ibaraki, Japan (GRID:grid.62167.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2220 7916); Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.143643.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0660 6861)