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Abstract
Determining the etiology of severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss (SP-SNHL) in pediatric subjects is particularly important in aiding the decision for auditory rehabilitation. We aimed to update the etiologic spectrum of pediatric SP-SNHL by combining internal auditory canal (IAC)-MRI with comprehensive and state-of-the-art genetic testings. From May 2013 to September 2020, 119 cochlear implantees under the age of 15 years with SP-SNHL were all prospectively recruited. They were subjected to genetic tests, including exome sequencing, and IAC-MRI for etiologic diagnosis. Strict interpretation of results were made based on ACMG/AMP guidelines and by an experienced neuroradiologist. The etiology was determined in of 65.5% (78/119) of our cohort. If only one of the two tests was done, the etiologic diagnostic rate would be reduced by at least 21.8%. Notably, cochlear nerve deficiency (n = 20) detected by IAC-MRI topped the etiology list of our cohort, followed by DFNB4 (n = 18), DFNB1 (n = 10), DFNB9 (n = 10) and periventricular leukomalacia associated with congenital CMV infection (n = 8). Simultaneous application of state-of-the-art genetic tests and IAC-MRI is essential for etiologic diagnosis, and if lesions of the auditory nerve or central nerve system are carefully examined on an MRI, we can identify the cause of deafness in more than 65% of pediatric SP-SNHL cases.
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1 Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul, South Korea (GRID:grid.412484.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0302 820X); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seongnam-si, South Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378)
2 Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sejong, South Korea (GRID:grid.254230.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 0722 6377); Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea (GRID:grid.254230.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 0722 6377)
3 Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul, South Korea (GRID:grid.412484.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0302 820X)
4 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seongnam-si, South Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378)
5 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seongnam-si, South Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378); Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea (GRID:grid.254230.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 0722 6377)
6 Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905)
7 University of Maryland, Information Science Major, College Park, USA (GRID:grid.164295.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 0941 7177)
8 East Avenue Medical Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Metro Manila, Philippines (GRID:grid.466595.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 0552 5682)
9 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Radiology, Seongnam, South Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378)