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© 2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The study has limitations though, as asthma and COPD were not defined by the international standards; hence, it is hard to tease out the relationship between asthma, COPD and COVID-19 based on the information provided by the authors. The current study could not provide detailed analysis highlighting such associations, which might be partly due to the availability of accurate smoking status or patients being on inhaled corticosteroids or other medications. In this study, we observed that condensates generated from electronic cigarettes increased the ACE2 expression on both BEAS2-B and primary small airway epithelial cells in a similar manner to smoking. A number of studies has investigated the long-term benefits of Omalizumab but hardly any studies comparing booster dose versus maintenance dose over time and clinical benefits [34,35,36].

Details

Title
Therapeutic Modalities for Asthma, COPD, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19: Insights from the Special Issue
Author
Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
First page
4525
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20770383
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2700708190
Copyright
© 2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.