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Abstract
The effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clusters of its components on central blood pressure (CBP) has not been well characterized. We aimed to describe the effect of MetS and clusters of its components on CBP in a large population and to identify whether this effect differs in men and women. We studied 15,609 volunteers (43% women) from 10 cohorts worldwide who participated in the Metabolic syndrome and Artery REsearch Consortium. MetS was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria (GHTBW, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, waist circumference). CBP was measured noninvasively and acquired from pulse wave analysis by applanation tonometry. MetS was associated with a 50% greater odds of having higher CSBP. After controlling for age, male sex, non HDL cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and mean arterial pressure, only specific clusters of MetS components were associated with a higher CSBP; and some of them were significant in women but not in men. We identified “risky clusters” of MetS variables associated with high CSBP. Future studies are needed to confirm they identify subjects at high risk of accelerated arterial aging and, thus, need more intensive clinical management.
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1 Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, and Department of Nephrology, Malmö, Sweden (GRID:grid.4514.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0930 2361)
2 National Yang-Ming University, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.260539.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2059 7017)
3 Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK (GRID:grid.47170.35)
4 Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Guimarães, Portugal (GRID:grid.47170.35); Life and Health Research Institute (ICVS/3B’s), Minho University, Braga, Portugal (GRID:grid.10328.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 2159 175X)
5 Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5645.2) (ISNI:000000040459992X)
6 Vilnius University, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania (GRID:grid.6441.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2243 2806)
7 University of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia, Italy (GRID:grid.7637.5) (ISNI:0000000417571846)
8 Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium (GRID:grid.410566.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0626 3303)
9 The Stand-Alone Structural Unit of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, the “Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.415738.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 9216 2496)
10 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece (GRID:grid.5216.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2155 0800)
11 Life and Health Research Institute (ICVS/3B’s), Minho University, Braga, Portugal (GRID:grid.10328.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 2159 175X)
12 School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff, UK (GRID:grid.415738.c)
13 Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Department of Geriatrics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5645.2) (ISNI:000000040459992X)
14 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, Departamento de Estudo de Populações, Porto, Portugal (GRID:grid.5808.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 1503 7226)
15 National Institute on Aging – National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baltimore, USA (GRID:grid.419475.a) (ISNI:0000 0000 9372 4913)
16 Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden (GRID:grid.4514.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0930 2361)
17 University of Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Cagliari, Italy (GRID:grid.7763.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 3242)