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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Simple Summary

Prognosis for glioblastoma patients remains poor despite the current standard of care treatments. More recent investigations have focused on immunotherapy, which utilizes a patient’s immune system to target cancer cells. Though proven to be successful in non-central nervous system cancers, immunotherapies have yielded disappointing results for glioblastoma thus far. A variety of factors play into the efficacy of immunotherapy for glioblastoma and have become new areas of interest. Here we review both historical and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches, as well as the molecular factors that have been shown to impact the efficacy of immunotherapies.

Abstract

Outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients undergoing standard of care treatment remain poor. Here we discuss the portfolio of previously investigated immunotherapies for glioblastoma, including vaccine therapy and checkpoint inhibitors, as well as novel emerging therapeutic approaches. In addition, we explore the factors that potentially influence response to immunotherapy, which should be considered in future research aimed at improving immunotherapy efficacy.

Details

Title
Next Steps for Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma
Author
Cao, Toni Q 1 ; Wainwright, Derek A 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lee-Chang, Catalina 3 ; Miska, Jason 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sonabend, Adam M 3 ; Heimberger, Amy B 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lukas, Rimas V 4 

 Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA 
 Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA 
 Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA 
 Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA 
First page
4023
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20726694
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2706122172
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.