Abstract

The aim of this study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the response mechanism that is associated with the formation of CdS thin films. We presented an effective and new hybrid sensitisation technique, which involved the 1-step linker between the related chemical bath deposition (CBD) process and the traditional doping method during CBD for synthesising high-quality, CdS thin films. The mechanism for the combined synthesis of the films is also describes. CdS films were electrostatically bonded to soda-lime glass, causing the formation of the intermediate complexes [Cd(NH3)4]2+, which aided in the collision of these complexes with a soda-lime glass slide. In the one-step fabrication technique, 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA) was employed as a second source of sulphur ions and a linker molecule. Optical studies showed that the bandgap ranged between (2.26–2.52) eV. CdS + MPA films exhibited a uniform distribution of spherical molecules based on their morphological properties. After annealing, this approach significantly altered the electrical characteristics of CdS films. The CdS + MPA films displayed the highest carrier concentration whereas the CdS + Ag + MPA films exhibited the lowest resistivity, with a jump of 3 orders of magnitude.

Details

Title
An in-depth analysis of nucleation and growth mechanism of CdS thin film synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique
Author
Najm, A. S. 1 ; Naeem, Hasanain Salah 2 ; Majdi, Hasan Sh. 3 ; Hasbullah, Siti Aishah 4 ; Hasan, Hiba Ali 5 ; Sopian, K. 6 ; Bais, Badariah 7 ; Al-Iessa, Heidar J. 8 ; Dhahad, Hayder A. 9 ; Ali, Jamal M. 10 ; Sultan, Abbas J. 10 

 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Bangi, Malaysia (GRID:grid.412113.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1557); University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq (GRID:grid.444967.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0618 8761) 
 University of Al Muthanna, Samawah, Iraq (GRID:grid.444967.c) 
 Al-Mustaqbal University College, Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Babylon, Iraq (GRID:grid.444967.c) 
 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bangi, Malaysia (GRID:grid.412113.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1557) 
 Mustansiriyah University, Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq (GRID:grid.411309.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1765 131X) 
 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Bangi, Malaysia (GRID:grid.412113.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1557) 
 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Bangi, Malaysia (GRID:grid.412113.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1557) 
 Oil Exploration Laboratories, Baghdad, Iraq (GRID:grid.412113.4) 
 University of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq (GRID:grid.444967.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0618 8761) 
10  University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq (GRID:grid.444967.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0618 8761) 
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20452322
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2713143510
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.