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Abstract
De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs during direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with resolved HBV infection. We evaluated the predictive factors, mechanical insight, and differences of cytokine levels during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive and DAA. Eleven, 35, and 19 HCV-infected patients with previous HBV infection with HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, previous HBV infection without HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, and without HBV infection resolution receiving DAA treatment, respectively, were enrolled. Clinical data and baseline cytokine levels were analyzed. Low baseline serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels predicted de novo HBV reactivation during DAA treatment (odds ratio: 47.6, 95% confidence interval: 6.94–333.3). HCV-infected patients with the IL-1β gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs16944 AA allele had significantly higher IL-1β levels; no HCV-infected patient with the IL-1β AA allele experienced HBV reactivation during DAA treatment. Compared to HCV-infected patients with HBV infection resolution, non-HCV infected patients with or without HBV reactivation during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy or bone marrow transplantation had remarkably lower baseline IL-1β levels. Low IL-1β levels were not associated with HBV reactivation. IL-1β levels before DAA for HCV-infected patients with resolved HBV infection could predict HBV reactivation during DAA treatment.
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1 Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.39158.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 7691)
2 Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita, Japan (GRID:grid.136593.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0373 3971)
3 Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Center for Gastroenterology, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.416933.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0569 2202)
4 Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.39158.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 7691)
5 Hokkaido University, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.39158.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 7691)
6 Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Department of Hematology, Sapporo, Japan (GRID:grid.416933.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0569 2202)
7 Japan Community Health Care Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido, Japan (GRID:grid.414280.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 5934 7279)