Relationship of diatom phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae) diversity with water quality and heavy metal in Angke and Grogol Rivers, Jakarta City

Abstract

Jakarta City is passing by 2 rivers, they are Angke and Grogol Rivers. These rivers are a source of phytoplankton including diatom Bacillariophyceae. Whereas recently, those rivers have received heavy metal inputs that may affect the water quality and also the diatom diversity. Then this study aims to assess the relationship of diatom phytoplankton belonging to Bacillariophyceae diversity with water quality and heavy metal in Angke and Grogol Rivers, Jakarta City. The diversity was quantified using the Shannon-Wiener index (H’) and the relationships were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show the diversity of diatoms in both rivers were significantly different (P < 0.05) with the diatom diversity in Grogol (H’ = 1.175) being higher than in Angke (H’ = 0.8175). Mean heavy metal values in Grogol River were recorded higher (P < 0.05) than in Angke as observed in Cu (0.61 mg/L) and Pb. According to the PCA results, water turbidity along with Zn and Cu were the limiting factors for the diversity of diatom Bacillariophyceae.