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© 2022 Sedivy-Haley et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Salmonella is an intracellular pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality. Its ability to grow inside macrophages is important to virulence, and is dependent on the activation state of the macrophages. Classically activated M1 macrophages are non-permissive for Salmonella growth, while alternatively activated M2 macrophages are permissive for Salmonella growth. Here we showed that endotoxin-primed macrophages (MEP), such as those associated with sepsis, showed similar levels of Salmonella resistance to M1 macrophages after 2 hr of intracellular infection, but at the 4 hr and 24 hr time points were susceptible like M2 macrophages. To understand this mechanistically, transcriptomic sequencing, RNA-Seq, was performed. This showed that M1 and MEP macrophages that had not been exposed to Salmonella, demonstrated a process termed here as primed activation, in expressing relatively higher levels of particular anti-infective genes and pathways, including the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway. In contrast, in M2 macrophages these genes and pathways were largely expressed only in response to infection. Conversely, in response to infection, M1 macrophages, but not MEP macrophages, modulated additional genes known to be associated with susceptibility to Salmonella infection, possibly contributing to the differences in resistance at later time points. Application of the JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib before infection reduced resistance in M1 macrophages, supporting the importance of early JAK-STAT signalling in M1 resistance to Salmonella.

Details

Title
A transcriptomic analysis of the effects of macrophage polarization and endotoxin tolerance on the response to Salmonella
Author
Sedivy-Haley, Katharine; Blimkie, Travis; Falsafi, Reza; Lee, Amy Huei-Yi; Hancock, Robert E W  VIAFID ORCID Logo 
First page
e0276010
Section
Research Article
Publication year
2022
Publication date
Oct 2022
Publisher
Public Library of Science
e-ISSN
19326203
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2724874550
Copyright
© 2022 Sedivy-Haley et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.