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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

A printed monopole antenna for millimeter-wave applications in the 5G frequency region is described in this research. As a result, the proposed antenna resonates in three frequency bands that are designated for 5G communication systems, including 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz (V band). For the sake of compactness, the coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used. The overall size of the proposed tri-band antenna is 4 mm × 3 mm × 0.25 mm. Using a watch strap and human tissue, such as skin, the proposed antenna gives steady results. At 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz, the antenna’s gain is found to be 5.29 dB, 7.47 dB, and 9 dB, respectively. The overall simulated radiation efficiency is found to be 85% over the watch strap. Wearable devices are a great fit for the proposed tri-band antenna. The antenna prototype was built and tested in order to verify its performance. It can be observed that the simulated and measured results are in close contact. According to our comparative research, the proposed antenna is a good choice for smart 5G devices because of its small size and simple structure, as well as its high gain and radiation efficiency.

Details

Title
Design of a Tri-Band Wearable Antenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications
Author
Ahmad, Sarosh 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Boubakar, Hichem 2 ; Naseer, Salman 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Alim, Mohammad Ehsanul 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yawar Ali Sheikh 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ghaffar, Adnan 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Abdullah Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Parchin, Naser Ojaroudi 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Leganes, 28911 Madrid, Spain; Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan 
 Department of Information Processing and Telecommunications Laboratory (LTIT), Faculty of Technology, University of Bechar, Bechar 08000, Algeria 
 Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan 
 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA 
 Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan 
 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand 
 Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering (FKEKK), Center for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tungal 76100, Malaysia 
 School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK 
First page
8012
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
14248220
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2728530862
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.