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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The present work describes a multi-area (two and three) renewable-energy-source-integrated thermal-hydro-wind power generation structure along with fleets of plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) in each control area. The generation–load balance is the prime objective, so automatic generation control (AGC) is adopted in the system. In the paper, a cascaded combination of proportional derivative with filter PDN and fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) is proposed and tuned using the hybrid chemical reaction optimization with pattern search (hCRO-PS) algorithm. The hCRO-PS algorithm is designed successfully, and its effectiveness is checked through its application to various benchmark functions. Further, Eigen value analysis is carried out for the test system to verify the system stability. The impacts of diverse step load perturbation (i.e., case I, II, III, and IV) and time-varying load perturbation are also included in the study. Moreover, the impact of renewable sources, PEVs in different areas, and varied state of charge (SOC) levels on the system dynamics are reflected in the work. From the analysis, it can be inferred that the proposed controller provides comparable results with other fractional-order and conventional controllers under varying loading conditions.

Details

Title
Frequency Stability Analysis of Multi-Renewable Source System with Cascaded PDN-FOPI Controller
Author
Behera, Aurobindo 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pati, Subhranshu Sekhar 2 ; Subudhi, Umamani 2 ; Ghatak, Subhankar 1 ; Panigrahi, Tapas Kumar 3 ; Alsharif, Mohammed H 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mohsan, Syed 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University Amaravati, Vijayawada 522502, India 
 Department of Electrical Engineering, IIIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneaswar 751003, India 
 Department of Electrical Engineering, PMEC Berhampur, Berhampur 761003, India 
 Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea 
 Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 1, Zhoushan 316021, China 
First page
13065
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20711050
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2728533567
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.