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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite, can increase skeletal muscle size and function. However, HMB may be less effective at improving muscle function in people with insufficient Vitamin D3 (25-OH-D < 30 ng/mL) which is common in middle-aged and older adults. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that combining HMB plus Vitamin D3 (HMB + D) supplementation would improve skeletal muscle size, composition, and function in middle-aged women. In a double-blinded fashion, women (53 ± 1 yrs, 26 ± 1 kg/m2, n = 43) were randomized to take placebo or HMB + D (3 g Calcium HMB + 2000 IU D per day) during 12 weeks of sedentary behavior (SED) or resistance exercise training (RET). On average, participants entered the study Vitamin D3 insufficient while HMB + D increased 25-OH-D to sufficient levels after 8 and 12 weeks. In SED, HMB + D prevented the loss of arm lean mass observed with placebo. HMB + D increased muscle volume and decreased intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) volume in the thigh compared to placebo but did not change muscle function. In RET, 12-weeks of HMB + D decreased IMAT compared to placebo but did not influence the increase in skeletal muscle volume or function. In summary, HMB + D decreased IMAT independent of exercise status and may prevent the loss or increase muscle size in a small cohort of sedentary middle-aged women. These results lend support to conduct a longer duration study with greater sample size to determine the validity of the observed positive effects of HMB + D on IMAT and skeletal muscle in a small cohort of middle-aged women.

Details

Title
Small-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial to Explore the Impact of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Plus Vitamin D3 on Skeletal Muscle Health in Middle Aged Women
Author
Fairfield, William D 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Minton, Dennis M 2 ; Elliehausen, Christian J 2 ; Nichol, Alexander D 1 ; Cook, Taylor L 3 ; Rathmacher, John A 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pitchford, Lisa M 4 ; Paluska, Scott A 1 ; Kuchnia, Adam J 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Allen, Jacob M 1 ; Konopka, Adam R 2 

 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 
 Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA 
 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA 
 MTI BioTech, Inc., Ames, IA 50010, USA 
First page
4674
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20726643
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2734692590
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.