“Sometimes choices are not made, because we have ‘a’ choice, they’re made because they are ‘the’ choice”: Barriers to weight management for clients in rural general practice

Abstract

Background

Obesity is an international health issue which currently affects over 34% of New Zealand adults and leads to further physical and psychosocial health complications. People living in rural communities experience health inequities and have a high-risk of becoming obese. The aim of this study was to explore and identify barriers to effective weight management in rural Waikato general practice.

Methods

Using semi-structured interviews, 16 rural Waikato participants shared their experiences with barriers to weight management. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes were identified: resource constraints, rural locality barriers, rural sociocultural norms barriers, and participants’ understanding the solutions needed to overcome their specific barriers to effective weight management. For these participants, finding a feasible weight management strategy was a challenging first step in their weight management journey. A programme that would ‘work’ meant one that was economically viable for low-income persons, accessible, even if living rurally with less resources, and did not cause harm or jeopardise their social connections within family or community.

Conclusion

Overall, participants noted a lack of weight management strategy ‘choice’ because of income, isolation or accessibility of their rural location and/or the sociocultural norms of the community they lived in restricted options available to them. Future weight management initiatives may be better devised from within communities themselves and will need to be cognisant of the barriers specific to rural communities. Rural perspectives have much to offer in any such reconsideration of weight management initiatives.