Abstract

Monkeypox (MPX) was a rare endemic disease in western and central Africa. In 1970, the first detected case of human MPX was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and it was detected outside Africa in 2003. Currently, there are about 31,799 confirmed MPX cases which led the WHO to declare the disease a public health emergency of international concern which is considered the seventh deceleration by the WHO between 2009 and 2022. Herein, we aim to review the history behind the outbreak of the disease, its mode of transmission, and the target of WHO deceleration, while providing recommendations for disease prevention. The disease is prevalent mostly in the United States with a total case number of 10,676 which is considered a high-risk country. Meanwhile, other countries are at moderate risk. The disease can be transmitted directly through contact with different body fluids, infectious lesions, or sexual activity. We conclude that there should be high public awareness to stop the transmission of the disease. In addition, there is a great need to follow the instructions provided by public health institutions since vaccines, till now, are available only for high-risk populations secondary to their shortage.

Details

Title
Public Health Emergency of International Concern declared by the World Health Organization for Monkeypox
Author
Sah, Ranjit 1 ; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar 2 ; Siddiq, Abdelmonem 3 ; Abdelaal, Abdelaziz 4 ; Abdulla Reda 5 ; Basant Ismail Lashin 6 ; Mohanty, Aroop 7 ; Alshahrani, Najim Z 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J 9 

1  Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal 
2  Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India 
3  Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt 
4  Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India; Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; MBBCh, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt 
5  Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 
6  Faculty of Medicine, Banha University, Banha, Egypt 
7  All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India 
8  Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah Saudi Arabia 
9  Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda Colombia; Institucion Universitaria Vision de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima Peru 
Pages
51-56
Publication year
2022
Publication date
Dec 2022
Publisher
Taylor & Francis Ltd.
ISSN
23779489
e-ISSN
23779497
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/23779497.2022.2124185
ProQuest document ID
2748034920
Copyright
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.