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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Abdominal obesity has emerged globally as a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and morbidity. The benefits of physical exercise among the obese population are well documented. However, the optimal exercise intensity for reducing body fat and preventing insulin resistance and metabolic disorders is still under debate. This study aimed to examine the effects of three different intensities of combined endurance and strength training programs on anthropometric variables, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin sensitivity. Forty-three obese young women (age 26.4 ± 4.7 years, BMI 33.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control group (G0), a moderate-intensity training group (G50, exercising brisk walking at 50% heart rate reserve HRR), a high-intensity training group (G75, exercise jogging at 75% HRR), and an alternated-intensity training group (G50/75, exercise brisk-walking/jogging at 50–75% HRR) with additional strength training once a week for each group. Body composition, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity and resistance (Homa-IR), resting heart rate (RHR), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), and time to exhaustion (TTE) at 45% and 75% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for both the flexor and extensor muscle groups of the knees, were recorded before and after three months of exercise training. All training groups showed significant decreases in body mass, BMI, total body fat, body fat percentage, WC, abdominal and visceral mass (p < 0.001), with a greater reduction of body mass and BMI in G75 (p < 0.05). Lean mass increased significantly only in G50/75 (p < 0.05). The insulin sensitivity and Homa-IR decreased in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater enhanced resistance in G50 compared to G75 and G50/75 (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no pre-post changes in all groups for fasting blood glucose (p > 0.05). 1-RM and TTE of the knee flexor and extensor muscles were improved in the three groups (p < 0.01), with greater improvement in G50/75 for 1RM and G75 in most of the TTE parameters (p < 0.05). RHR decreased and 6MWD increased significantly in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater 6MWD improvement in G75 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the three training intensities seem to generate benefits in terms of body composition, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin resistance. High training intensity resulted in greater improvements in body mass, BMI, and endurance and strength, whereas moderate training intensity resulted in greater improvements of insulin resistance and homo-IR. Following alternate-intensity training, greater improvements were observed in lean mass and maximal strength performance.

Details

Title
The Impact of Exercise Training Intensity on Physiological Adaptations and Insulin Resistance in Women with Abdominal Obesity
Author
Mezghani, Nourhen 1 ; Ammar, Achraf 2 ; Boukhris, Omar 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Abid, Rihab 4 ; Hadadi, Atyh 1 ; Turki Mohsen Alzahrani 1 ; Trabelsi, Omar 5 ; Mohamed Ali Boujelbane 4 ; Masmoudi, Liwa 5 ; Ibrahim Ouergui 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Jamoussi, Kamel 7 ; Mnif, Mouna 8 ; Mejdoub, Hafedh 9 ; Zmijewski, Piotr 10   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Glenn, Jordan M 11   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Trabelsi, Khaled 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Chtourou, Hamdi 12   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 
 Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 39200 Nanterre, France; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia 
 High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia 
 High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia 
 High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia 
 High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef 7100, Tunisia 
 Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia 
 Department of Endocrinology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia 
 Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, BP 1171, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia 
10  Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland 
11  Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA 
12  High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia 
First page
2533
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22279032
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2756691591
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.