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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Endocarp development in olive trees includes three periods: growth (Period I), massive sclerification (Period II) and maximum hardening (Period III). The two first are strongly related to yield and irrigation management. Period I was reported to coincide with mesocarp cell division and thus with final fruit size. Period II was considered to be the most drought-resistant phenological stage. However, little is known in olive trees about the length of these periods and their capacity for predicting fruit size at harvest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the length of both periods in different cultivars and different location of full irrigated orchards. We also aimed to study the fruit feature impact on harvest at the end of Period I. Data from full irrigated olive orchards of cv Cornicabra, Arbequina and Manzanilla in two different locations (Ciudad Real, Central Spain, and Seville, South Spain) were used. The pattern of pit-breaking pressure throughout the season was measured with fruit samples for several years (2006 to 2022). These data and climatic data were used to compare different estimation methods for the length of Period I and II of endocarp development. Then, fruit volume and dry weight at the end of Period I were used to estimate fruit features at harvest. Results suggest that the Period I length was less temperature- and cultivar-dependent than expected. The duration of this period was almost constant at around 49 days after full bloom. Thermal time was negatively correlated with fruit size at the end of Period I. On the contrary, a lineal thermal model presented the lowest variability when estimating the Period II length, which was also affected by the cultivar. The best fit between fruit dry weight and volume at Period I vs. harvest was unique for oil cultivars (Cornicabra and Arbequina), while cv Manzanilla presented a different relationship. A temperature increase in the future would not affect the Period I length but would reduce the fruit size at the end of this period and at harvest.

Details

Title
Endocarp Development Study in Full Irrigated Olive Orchards and Impact on Fruit Features at Harvest
Author
Sánchez-Piñero, Marta 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Martín-Palomo, María José 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Moriana, Alfonso 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Corell, Mireia 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pérez-López, David 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Crta. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain 
 Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Crta. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; CSIC Associate Unit, Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en la Agricultura (Universidad de Sevilla-IRNAS), 41013 Seville, Spain 
 Departamento de Producción Agraria, CEIGRAM-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain 
First page
3541
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22237747
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2756779186
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.